{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:29:19Z","timestamp":1772177359573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several epidemiological studies found an association between acute exposure to fine particulate matter of less than 2.5 \u03bcm and 10 \u03bcm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10) and cardiovascular diseases, ventricular fibrillation incidence and mortality. The effects of pollution on atrial fibrillation (AF) beyond the first several hours of exposure remain controversial. A total of 145 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (ICD-CRT), or pacemakers were enrolled in this multicentric prospective study. Daily levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were collected from monitoring stations within 20 km of the patient\u2019s residence. A Firth Logistic Regression model was used to evaluate the association between AF and daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. Exposure levels to PM2.5 and PM10 were moderate, being above the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 and PM10 thresholds of 25 \u03bcg\/m3 and 50 \u03bcg\/m3, respectively, on 26% and 18% of the follow-up days. An association was found between daily levels of PM2.5 and PM10 and AF (95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.34\u20132.40 and 1.44\u20134.28, respectively) for an increase of 50 \u00b5g\/m3 above the WHO threshold. Daily exposure to moderate PM2.5 and PM10 levels is associated with AF in patients who are not prone to AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T09:22:31Z","timestamp":1597828951000},"page":"6017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Daily Exposure to Air Pollution Particulate Matter Is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0827-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Folino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Buja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Zanotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mater Salutis Hospital, 37045 Legnago, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bottigliengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Comoretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Marras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S Maria dei Battuti Hospital, 31015 Conegliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Allocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S Maria dei Battuti Hospital, 31015 Conegliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Vaccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital, 31044 Montebelluna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Dell\u2019Angelo Hospital, 30174 Mestre, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Bertaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Zoppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital, 30035 Mirano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Calzolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Nangah Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital, 30026 Portogruaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ignatiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital, 35043 Monselice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Lanera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Benassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of the Veneto Region, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabino","family":"Iliceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1862OC","article-title":"Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality. 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