{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:27:46Z","timestamp":1791224866817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015753","name":"Mental Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Calgary Health Trust","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018911","name":"University Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012381","name":"Royal Alexandra Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000001","name":"Alberta Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The spread of COVID-19 along with strict public health measures have resulted in unintended adverse effects, including greater levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. This study examined relative presentations of these psychopathologies in different age groups in a Canadian cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Participants were subscribers to the Text4Hope program, developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was used to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were 8267 individuals who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 19.4%. Overall, 909 (11.0%) respondents identified as \u226425 years, 2939 (35.6%) identified as (26\u201340) years, 3431 (41.5%) identified as (41\u201360) years, 762 (9.2%) identified as over 60 years, and 226 (2.7%) did not identify their age. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales were highest among those aged \u226425 and lowest amongst those aged &gt;60 years old. Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T08:53:43Z","timestamp":1598950423000},"page":"6366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Izu","family":"Nwachukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nnamdi","family":"Nkire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Hrabok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Gusnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Surood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Urichuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Greenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2743-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent I.O.","family":"Agyapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Addiction and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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