{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:16:40Z","timestamp":1760239000425,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL119326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL119326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-OH011300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-OH011300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fire Department of New York (FDNY) rescue and recovery workers exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) particulates suffered loss of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Metabolic Syndrome increased the risk of developing WTC-lung injury (WTC-LI). We aim to attenuate the deleterious effects of WTC exposure through a dietary intervention targeting these clinically relevant disease modifiers. We hypothesize that a calorie-restricted Mediterranean dietary intervention will improve metabolic risk, subclinical indicators of cardiopulmonary disease, quality of life, and lung function in firefighters with WTC-LI. To assess our hypothesis, we developed the Food Intake REstriction for Health OUtcome Support and Education (FIREHOUSE), a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). Male firefighters with WTC-LI and a BMI &gt; 27 kg\/m2 will be included. We will randomize subjects (1:1) to either: (1) Low Calorie Mediterranean (LoCalMed)\u2014an integrative multifactorial, technology-supported approach focused on behavioral modification, nutritional education that will include a self-monitored diet with feedback, physical activity recommendations, and social cognitive theory-based group counseling sessions; or (2) Usual Care. Outcomes include reduction in body mass index (BMI) (primary), improvement in FEV1, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, pulse wave velocity, lipid profiles, targeted metabolic\/clinical biomarkers, and quality of life measures (secondary). By implementing a technology-supported LoCalMed diet our FIREHOUSE RCT may help further the treatment of WTC associated pulmonary disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1599642069000},"page":"6569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Food Intake REstriction for Health OUtcome Support and Education (FIREHOUSE) Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Riggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel R.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Nayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sunseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mena","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, 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and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-2735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Colbeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Lou","family":"Pompeii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Health and Behavior, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9541-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"St-Jules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Health and Behavior, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Prezant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, 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