{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:30:25Z","timestamp":1773297025376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backward jump-landing during sports performance will result in dynamic postural instability with a greater risk of injury, and most research studies have focused on forward landing. Differences in kinematic temporal characteristics between single-leg and double-leg backward jump-landing are seldom researched and understood. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze lower extremity kinematic differences throughout the landing phases of forward and backward jumping using single-leg and double-leg landings (FS and BS, FD and BD). Kinematic data were collected during the landing phases of FS and BS, FD and BD in 45 participants. Through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, we found that the BS showed smaller hip and knee flexion and greater vertical ground reactive force (VGRF) than the FS during 0\u201337.42% (p = 0.031), 16.07\u201332.11% (p = 0.045), and 23.03\u201317.32% (p = 0.041) landing phases. The BD showed smaller hip and knee flexion than the FD during 0\u201320.66% (p = 0.047) and 0\u2013100% (p &lt; 0.001) landing phases. Most differences appeared within a time frame during the landing phase at 30\u201350 ms in which non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are thought to occur and are consistent with the identification of risk in biomechanical analysis. A landing strategy that consciously increases the knee and hip flexion angles during backward landing should be considered for people as a measure to avoid injury during the performance of this type of physical activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"6669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Temporal Kinematic Differences between Forward and Backward Jump-Landing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Datao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanzhen","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meizi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savaria Institute of Technology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00edr\u00f3","family":"Istv\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269937","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injury in national collegiate athletic association basketball and soccer: A 13-year review","volume":"33","author":"Agel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. 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