{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:57:09Z","timestamp":1778698629203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections are an important public health issue. The purpose of this study is to analyse the association between different sexual habits and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the population of Granada who consult with a specialised centre. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted based on the medical records of 678 people from the Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation Centre of Granada, who were diagnosed positively or negatively with a sexually transmitted infection, during the 2000\u22122014 period. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as data on frequency and type of sexual habits, frequency of condom use and sexually transmitted infection positive or negative diagnosis were collected. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. The most popular sexual habits were vaginal intercourse, oral sex (mouth\u2013vagina and mouth\u2013penis) and the least popular were anus\u2013mouth and anal sex. The use of condom is frequent in vaginal and anal sex and less frequent in oral sex. Sexually transmitted infection is associated with mouth\u2013penis (p = 0.004) and mouth\u2013vagina (p = 0.023) oral sex and anal sex (p = 0.031). It is observed that there is a relationship between the presence of STIs and oral sex practices, people having such practices being the ones who use condoms less frequently. There is also a relationship between anal sex and the prevalence of STIs, although in such sexual practice the use of condom does prevail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T08:18:01Z","timestamp":1600676281000},"page":"6881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association between Sexual Habits and Sexually Transmitted Infections at a Specialised Centre in Granada (Spain)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Raquel Casado","family":"Santa-B\u00e1rbara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1515-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Hueso-Montoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3852-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina","family":"Mart\u00edn-Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6779-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Adelaida","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"G\u00e1zquez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5580-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"P\u00e9rez-Morente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, May 13). Sexually Transmitted Infections. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (2020, September 06). Estrategia Mundial del Sector de la Salud Contra Infecciones de Transmisi\u00f3n Sexual Para 2016\u20132021. Hacia el fin de las ITS. OMS, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/rtis\/ghss-stis\/es\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S363","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001412","article-title":"Syphilis Screening and Diagnosis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2008\u20132014, 20 U.S. Cities","volume":"75","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2018.10.015","article-title":"Epidemiolog\u00eda y control actual de las infecciones de transmisi\u00f3n sexual. Papel de las unidades de ITS","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc. Microbiol. Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31829413f7","article-title":"Evaluating the Internet as a sexually transmitted disease risk environment for teens: Findings from the communication, health, and teens study","volume":"40","author":"Klinkenberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4321\/S1135-57272015000500005","article-title":"Determinantes de las conductas sexuales de riesgo en jovenes de Catalu\u00f1a","volume":"89","author":"Folch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12976-018-0078-9","article-title":"Modelling the impact of correlations between condom use and sexual contact pattern on the dynamics of sexually transmitted infections","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theor. Biol. Med. Model."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"222","article-title":"Factors Associated with Sexual Risks and Risk of STIs, HIV and Other Blood-Borne Viruses Among Women Using Heroin and Other Drugs: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"23","author":"Family","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kay002","article-title":"Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sex and Condom Use among Young Men who Have Sex with Men: An Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior","volume":"52","author":"Thoma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buttmann-Schweiger, N., Nielsen, A., Munk, C., Liaw, K.-L., and Kj\u00e6r, S.K. (2011). Sexual risk taking behaviour: Prevalence and associated factors. A population-based study of 22,000 Danish men. BMC Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-764"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.253","article-title":"Knowledge and Attitudes of Sexually Transmitted Infections among High School Students in Sarajevo","volume":"48","author":"Vranic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med. Acad."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000889","article-title":"Heterosexual Anal and Oral Sex in Adolescents and Adults in the United States, 2011\u20132015","volume":"45","author":"Habel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"8","article-title":"Uso del preservativo, n\u00famero de parejas y debut sexual en j\u00f3venes en coito vaginal, sexo oral y sexo anal","volume":"16","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"547","article-title":"Infecciones de transmisi\u00f3n sexual en poblaci\u00f3n joven \u00bfqu\u00e9 mantiene su exposici\u00f3n al riesgo?","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Educ. Psychol. Rev. INFAD Psicol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"125","article-title":"Sociodemographic, Sexual Behavior, and Microbiological Profiles of Men Attending Public Health Laboratories for Testing for Sexually Transmitted Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Sviben","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Croat. ADC"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"e242","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health risk behaviours among Palermo university students: Results from an online survey","volume":"169","author":"Provenzano","year":"2018","journal-title":"La Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Morente, M.\u00c1., S\u00e1nchez-Oc\u00f3n, M.T., Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, E., Mart\u00edn-Salvador, A., Hueso-Montoro, C., and Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, I. (2019). Differences in Sexually Transmitted Infections between the Precrisis Period (2000\u20132007) and the Crisis Period (2008\u20132014) in Granada, Spain. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020277"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"150","article-title":"H\u00e1bitos, Preferencias y Satisfacci\u00f3n Sexual en Estudiantes Universitarios","volume":"3","author":"Bravo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Cl\u00ednica de Medicina de Familia"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Contracepci\u00f3n (2020, September 06). Encuesta Nacional Sobre Sexualidad y Anticoncepci\u00f3n Entre los J\u00f3venes Espa\u00f1oles (16-25 A\u00f1os). Available online: http:\/\/sec.es\/encuesta-nacional-sobre-sexualidad-y-anticoncepcion-entre-los-jovenes-espanoles-16-25-anos."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Moreno, C., Ramos, P., Rivera, F., S\u00e1nchez-Queija, I., Jim\u00e9nez-Iglesias, A., Garc\u00eda-Moya, I., Moreno-Maldonado, C., Paniagua, C., Villafuerte-D\u00edaz, A., and Ciria-Barreiro, E. (2020, September 06). La Adolescencia en Espa\u00f1a: Salud, Bienestar, Familia, Vida Acad\u00e9mica y Social. Resultados del Estudio HBSC 2018, Available online: https:\/\/www.mscbs.gob.es\/profesionales\/saludPublica\/prevPromocion\/promocion\/saludJovenes\/estudioHBSC\/docs\/HBSC2018\/HBSC2018_ResultadosEstudio.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2011.07.020","article-title":"Factores de riesgo relacionados con la salud sexual en los j\u00f3venes europeos","volume":"138","author":"Calatrava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1590\/S1135-57272009000200013","article-title":"Variables sociodemogr\u00e1ficas y conductas de riesgo en la infecci\u00f3n por el VIH y las enfermedades de transmisi\u00f3n sexual en adolescentes: Espa\u00f1a, 2007","volume":"83","author":"Teva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"3","article-title":"Burden of HIV infection, vulnerable populations and accessbarriers to healthcare","volume":"36","author":"Rivero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000417","article-title":"Prevalence and Correlates of a Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People","volume":"43","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020, September 05). Relaciones Sexuales Anales y el Riesgo de VIH, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/spanish\/risk\/substanceuse.html."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2018.05.015","article-title":"J\u00f3venes y VIH. Conocimiento y Conductas de Riesgo de un Grupo Residente en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"37","author":"Velo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas sociodemogr\u00e1ficas, indicadores de riesgo y atenci\u00f3n sanitaria en relaci\u00f3n a infecciones de transmisi\u00f3n sexual en poblaci\u00f3n inmigrante de Granada","volume":"93","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Salud. P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020, September 05). Los Condones y las ETS: Hoja Informativa Para el Personal de Salud P\u00fablica, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/condomeffectiveness\/docs\/Condoms_and_STDS_spanish.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"127","article-title":"Sexual satisfaction and attitudes towards the use of condoms in adolescents: Evaluation and analysis on their relationship with condom use","volume":"46","author":"Teva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Grupo de Trabajo Sobre Tratamientos del VIH (gTt-VIH) (2020, May 13). Transmisi\u00f3n sexual del VIH. Gu\u00eda para Entender las Pruebas de Detecci\u00f3n y el Riesgo en las Pr\u00e1cticas Sexuales (2\u00aa Edici\u00f3n). Available online: http:\/\/gtt-vih.org\/files\/active\/0\/GUIA_transmision_sexual_web_2Edi.pdf."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020, May 13). Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/healthcomm\/stdfact-stdriskandoralsex.htm."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020, May 13). HIV Risk Reduction Tool, Available online: https:\/\/hivrisk.cdc.gov\/can-i-get-or-transmit-hiv-from\/?mid=anal-sex-1."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.06.009","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk characteristics of HIV infection based on anal sexual role among men who have sex with men: A multi-city cross-sectional study in Western China","volume":"49","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000636","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Rectal and Urethral Sexually Transmitted Infections from Self-Collected Samples among Young Men who Have Sex with Men Participating in the Keep it Up! 2.0 Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"44","author":"Mustanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/18\/6881\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:11:54Z","timestamp":1760177514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/18\/6881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17186881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186881","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]}}}