{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:28:25Z","timestamp":1781134105834,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to loud music\u2014due to widespread personal music players (PMPs) and noisy leisure activities\u2014are major risk factors for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in adolescents. However, there is little evidence of the impact of noise on the hearing of younger children. This study aimed to explore an association between PMP use and hearing, and to identify other sources of noise among children. The study sample consisted of 1032 children aged 11\u201312 years old. Hearing thresholds were determined from 0.5 to 8 kHz. PMP use and other noise exposures were evaluated using a survey. We found that 82% of the children had a PMP, and 78% were exposed to noise when playing computer games. An audiometric notch was documented in 1.3% of the children. Only 11.5% of the children ever used hearing protection while engaged in noisy activities. We found no convincing evidence of an association between PMP use and hearing thresholds, although our results suggest that tinnitus may be an early sign of NIHL in young children. The study shows a need to provide children, their parents, and educators with knowledge of how to take care of hearing, including how to avoid and minimize noise exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T09:40:56Z","timestamp":1600767656000},"page":"6934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Personal Music Players Use and Other Noise Hazards among Children 11 to 12 Years Old"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6005-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Swierniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Street, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Gos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Street, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr Henryk","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Street, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 8 Kondratowicza Street, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Sensory Organs, 1 Mokra Street, 05-830 Nadarzyn\/Kajetany, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1203-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Czajka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Street, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henryk","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngosurgery, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Street, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109409","article-title":"Annoyance from transportation noise: Relationships with exposure metrics DNL and DENL and their confidence intervals","volume":"109","author":"Miedema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. 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