{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:49:56Z","timestamp":1784242196709,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001475","name":"Nanyang Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015 NAP Start-up Grant M4081597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015 NAP Start-up Grant M4081597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tier 1 Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier 1 Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004004","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Post-doctoral Fellowship within MIUR programme framework \"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Post-doctoral Fellowship within MIUR programme framework \"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza\""]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about parenting in the context of developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), penalized by both lack of data and a research bias toward western societies. In this study, we apply data mining methods on a large (N = 25,048) dataset from UNICEF to highlight patterns of association between developmental disabilities of children and parental involvement. We focus on the co-presence of multiple disabilities and the quality of childcare in three parenting domains: discipline, caregiving, and education. Our results show that, in LMIC, children with more severe developmental conditions are also more likely to receive low-quality parental care. Specific policies of parental training are needed to improve parental practices in LMIC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1601024252000},"page":"7009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Children with Developmental Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: More Neglected and Physically Punished"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bizzego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyu","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"},{"name":"Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, May 15). 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