{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1789154782602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 placed nearly a half million people at increased risk of adverse health. Health effects research began shortly after and continues today, now mostly as a coordinated effort under the federally mandated World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program (WTCHP). Established in 2011, the WTCHP provides medical monitoring and treatment of covered health conditions for responders and survivors and maintains a research program aimed to improve the care and well-being of the affected population. By 2020, funds in excess of USD 127 M had been awarded for health effects research. This review describes research findings and provides an overview of the WTCHP and its future directions. The literature was systematically searched for relevant articles published from 11 September 2001 through 30 June 2020. Synthesis was limited to broad categories of mental health, cancer, respiratory disease, vulnerable populations, and emerging conditions. In total, 944 WTC articles were published, including peer-reviewed articles funded by the WTCHP (n = 291) and other sources. Research has focused on characterizing the burden and etiology of WTC-related health conditions. As the program moves forward, translational research that directly enhances the care of individuals with chronic mental and physical health conditions is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1601981177000},"page":"7290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["World Trade Center Health Program: First Decade of Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albeliz","family":"Santiago-Col\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dori","family":"Reissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Calvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Carre\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Katruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Kubale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"Nembhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Allen","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIOSH Office of Extramural Programs, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Yiin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIOSH Office of Extramural Programs, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1875-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, DC 20201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2806","article-title":"Measuring and maximizing coverage in the World Trade Center Health Registry","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22631","article-title":"FDNY and 9\/11: Clinical services and health outcomes in World Trade Center-exposed firefighters and EMS workers from 2001 to 2016","volume":"59","author":"Yip","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv099","article-title":"Cohort profile: World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort","volume":"46","author":"Dasaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6702","article-title":"Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"112","author":"Landrigan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1371.002","article-title":"The anatomy of the exposures that occurred around the World Trade Center site: 9\/11 and beyond","volume":"1076","author":"Lioy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110703","article-title":"Characterization of the dust\/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001","volume":"110","author":"Lioy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5930","article-title":"Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment","volume":"111","author":"McGee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"NIOSH (2020, July 22). WTC Health Program Publications, Available online: https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/ResearchGateway\/Publications."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22217","article-title":"Comorbid persistent lower respiratory symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder 5\u20136 years post-9\/11 in responders enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry","volume":"56","author":"Friedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000179","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of respiratory problems in World Trade Center responders: Longitudinal test of a pathway","volume":"77","author":"Kotov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171100256X","article-title":"Exposure, probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue, recovery and clean-up workers","volume":"42","author":"Luft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2066","article-title":"Comorbid trends in World Trade Center cough syndrome and probable posttraumatic stress disorder in firefighters","volume":"140","author":"Niles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300690","article-title":"Co-occurring lower respiratory symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder 5 to 6 years after the World Trade Center terrorist attack","volume":"102","author":"Nair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61180-X","article-title":"Persistence of multiple illnesses in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers: A cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Wisnivesky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.300","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and comorbid asthma and posttraumatic stress disorder following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks on World Trade Center in New York City","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7","article-title":"Persistent mental and physical health impact of exposure to the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks","volume":"18","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"(MMWR) Injuries and illnesses among New York City Fire Department rescue workers after responding to the World Trade Center attacks","volume":"51","author":"Banauch","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021300","article-title":"Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site","volume":"347","author":"Prezant","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.09.001","article-title":"Trends in respiratory diagnoses and symptoms of firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster: 2005\u20132010","volume":"53","author":"Weakley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800291","article-title":"Trends in respiratory symptoms of firefighters exposed to the world trade center disaster: 2001\u20132005","volume":"117","author":"Webber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0910087","article-title":"Lung function in rescue workers at the World Trade Center after 7 years","volume":"362","author":"Aldrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.10.067","article-title":"Lung function trajectories in WTC-exposed NYC Firefighters over 13 years: The roles of smoking and smoking cessation","volume":"149","author":"Aldrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.07.005","article-title":"Bronchial reactivity and lung function after World Trade Center exposure","volume":"150","author":"Aldrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103619","article-title":"Post-9\/11\/2001 lung function trajectories by sex and race in World Trade Center-exposed New York City emergency medical service workers","volume":"74","author":"Vossbrinck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181a0365b","article-title":"Characteristics of a residential and working community with diverse exposure to World Trade Center dust, gas, and fumes","volume":"51","author":"Reibman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7375","article-title":"The World Trade Center residents\u2019 respiratory health study: New-onset respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function","volume":"113","author":"Reibman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104157","article-title":"Risk factors for persistence of lower respiratory symptoms among community members exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks","volume":"74","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"9\/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: A systematic review 15 years after the attack","volume":"48","author":"Lowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v09n03_01","article-title":"Psychological impact of terrorism on children and families in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20026","article-title":"(Review) Mental health of workers and volunteers responding to events of 9\/11: Review of the literature","volume":"75","author":"Bills","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mt. Sinai J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., Tarigan, L.H., Bromet, E.J., and Kim, H. (2014). World Trade Center disaster exposure-related probable posttraumatic stress disorder among responders and civilians: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101491"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024791","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder following the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks: A review of the literature among highly exposed populations","volume":"66","author":"Neria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.5.581","article-title":"Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: Findings from the National Study of Americans\u2019 Reactions to September 11","volume":"288","author":"Schlenger","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City","volume":"346","author":"Galea","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20594","article-title":"Implementation of CBT for youth affected by the World Trade Center disaster: Matching need to treatment intensity and reducing trauma symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Hoagwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-014-0031-y","article-title":"Culturally oriented trauma treatments for Latino children Post 9\/11","volume":"7","author":"Costantino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181568612","article-title":"A randomized controlled clinical treatment trial for World Trade Center attack-related PTSD in disaster workers","volume":"195","author":"Difede","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1102","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following 11 September 2001","volume":"68","author":"Difede","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.052","article-title":"The application of virtual reality to the treatment of PTSD following the WTC attack","volume":"1071","author":"Difede","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.004","article-title":"The flexible application of a manualized treatment for PTSD symptoms and functional impairment related to the 9\/11 World Trade Center attack","volume":"45","author":"Levitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020321","article-title":"Combined prolonged exposure therapy and paroxetine for PTSD related to the World Trade Center attack: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"169","author":"Schneier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/1072-5245.12.1.29","article-title":"EMDR therapy following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City","volume":"12","author":"Silver","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Stress Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari, A.J., Charlson, F.J., Norman, R.E., Patten, S.B., Freedman, G., Murray, C.J.L., Vos, T., and Whiteford, H.A. (2013). Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. PLoS Med., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001547"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salguero, J.M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Berrocal, P., Iruarrizaga, I., Cano-Vindel, A., and Galea, S. (2011). Major depressive disorder following terrorist attacks: A systematic review of prevalence, course and correlates. BMC Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-96"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370","article-title":"Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster of rescue workers","volume":"161","author":"Fullerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12159","article-title":"Trauma, depression, and resilience of earthquake\/tsunami\/nuclear disaster survivors of Hirono, Fukushima, Japan","volume":"68","author":"Kukihara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.157859","article-title":"Risk of depressive disorder following disasters and military deployment: Systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"208","author":"Bonde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000235758.24586.b7","article-title":"Risk factors for depression after a disaster","volume":"194","author":"Person","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20177","article-title":"Physical and mental health symptoms among NYC transit workers seven and one-half months after the WTC attacks","volume":"47","author":"Tapp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.051","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological sequelae among World Trade Center clean up and recovery workers","volume":"1071","author":"Gross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.06.005","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of trajectories of depression after an urban disaster","volume":"19","author":"Nandi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.10.004","article-title":"Trajectory and socioeconomic predictors of depression in a prospective study of residents of New York City","volume":"18","author":"Beard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.05.008","article-title":"Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation","volume":"63","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.01.004","article-title":"Mortality among rescue and recovery workers and community members exposed to the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks, 2003\u20132014","volume":"163","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60989-6","article-title":"Early assessment of cancer outcomes in New York City firefighters after the 9\/11 attacks: An observational cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Webber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22635","article-title":"Post-9\/11 cancer incidence in World Trade Center-exposed New York City firefighters as compared to a pooled cohort of firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (9\/11\/2001\u20132009)","volume":"59","author":"Moir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205894","article-title":"Cancer incidence in world trade center rescue and recovery workers, 2001\u20132008","volume":"121","author":"Solan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pkz090","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz090","article-title":"Cancer in general responders participating in World Trade Center health programs, 2003\u20132013","volume":"4","author":"Shapiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.110980","article-title":"Association between World Trade Center exposure and excess cancer risk","volume":"308","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22638","article-title":"Ten-year cancer incidence in rescue\/recovery workers and civilians exposed to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e439","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001386","article-title":"Head and neck cancer in World Trade Center responders: A case series","volume":"60","author":"Graber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32070","article-title":"Excess HPV-related head and neck cancer in the world trade center health program general responder cohort","volume":"145","author":"Graber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000315","article-title":"Prostate cancer characteristics in the World Trade Center cohort, 2002\u20132013","volume":"27","author":"Hashim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-19-0115","article-title":"Prostate cancer in World Trade Center responders demonstrates evidence of an inflammatory cascade","volume":"17","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105890","article-title":"Risk factors for head and neck cancer in the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort: Results from a nested case-control study","volume":"76","author":"Black","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000542","article-title":"NYPD cancer incidence rates 1995\u20132014 encompassing the entire World Trade Center cohort","volume":"57","author":"Kleinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.0504","article-title":"Estimation of future cancer burden among rescue and recovery workers exposed to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuminello, S., van Gerwen, M.A.G., Genden, E., Crane, M., Lieberman-Cribbin, W., and Taioli, E. (2019). Increased incidence of thyroid cancer among World Trade Center first responders: A descriptive epidemiological assessment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071258"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Gerwen, M.A.G., Tuminello, S., Riggins, G.J., Mendes, T.B., Donovan, M., Benn, E.K.T., Genden, E., Cerutti, J.M., and Taioli, E. (2019). Molecular study of thyroid cancer in World Trade Center responders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091600"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181ad49c8","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in World Trade Center responders: A case series","volume":"51","author":"Moline","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00189-1","article-title":"Pathway analysis for plasma \u03b2-amyloid, tau and neurofilament light (ATN) in World Trade Center responders at midlife","volume":"9","author":"Kritikos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.0509","article-title":"Multiple myeloma and its precursor disease among firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"4","author":"Landgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0950","article-title":"Evaluation of medical surveillance and incidence of post-11 September 2001, thyroid cancer in World Trade Center-exposed firefighters and emergency medical service workers","volume":"180","author":"Colbeth","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36305","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36305","article-title":"Proteomic characterization of the World Trade Center dust-activated mdig and c-myc signaling circuit linked to multiple myeloma","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clouston, S.A.P., Kuan, P., Kotov, R., Mukherjee, S., Thompson-Carino, P., Bromet, E.J., and Luft, B.J. (2019). Risk factors for incident prostate cancer in a cohort of world trade center responders. BMC Psychiatry, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2383-1"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22558","article-title":"Mortality among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers, 2002\u20132011","volume":"59","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22555","article-title":"Cancer in World Trade Center responders: Findings from multiple cohorts and options for future study","volume":"59","author":"Boffetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szema, A.M. (2018). Cancer risk post 9\/11. World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations, Springer International.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59372-2"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2010.07.007","article-title":"Logarithmic dose transformation in epidemiologic dose-response analysis: Use with caution","volume":"58","author":"Ginevan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10831","article-title":"Relation between cord blood mercury levels and early child development in a World Trade Center cohort","volume":"116","author":"Lederman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7908","article-title":"Relationships among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, proximity to the World Trade Center, and effects on fetal growth","volume":"113","author":"Perera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0457","article-title":"DNA damage from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured by benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in mothers and newborns from Northern Manhattan, the World Trade Center Area, Poland, and China","volume":"14","author":"Perera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10144","article-title":"Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, environmental tobacco smoke, and child development in the World Trade Center cohort","volume":"115","author":"Perera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.018","article-title":"Cord blood perfluoroalkyl substances in mothers exposed to the World Trade Center disaster during pregnancy","volume":"246","author":"Spratlen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spratlen, M.J., Perera, F.P., Lederman, S.A., Robinson, M., Kannan, K., Herbstman, J., and Trasande, L. (2020). The association between perfluoroalkyl substances and lipids in cord blood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 105.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz024"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114444","article-title":"The association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and childhood neurodevelopment","volume":"263","author":"Spratlen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901340","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment","volume":"118","author":"Herbstman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.08.009","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and child attention problems at 3\u20137 years","volume":"52","author":"Cowell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7348","article-title":"The effects of the World Trade Center event on birth outcomes among term deliveries at three lower Manhattan hospitals","volume":"112","author":"Lederman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.02.024","article-title":"Serum perfluoroalkyl substances and lung function in adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"172","author":"Gaylord","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.097","article-title":"Associations of World Trade Center exposures with pulmonary and cardiometabolic outcomes among children seeking care for health concerns","volume":"444","author":"Trasande","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.003","article-title":"Serum perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic consequences in adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center disaster and a matched comparison group","volume":"109","author":"Koshy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182944432","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoate and neuropsychological outcomes in children","volume":"24","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2015.07.002","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluroalkyl substances and children\u2019s IQ: The Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study","volume":"218","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.017","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and neurodevelopment in early infancy: The Hokkaido Study","volume":"541","author":"Goudarzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.04.004","article-title":"Prenatal concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl substances and early communication development in British girls","volume":"109","author":"Jeddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.025","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and child cognition","volume":"115","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"067004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2754","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and IQ scores at age 5; a study in the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"126","author":"Liew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.02.025","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cognitive development in children at age 8 years","volume":"172","author":"Vuong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.09.026","article-title":"Cardiometabolic profiles of adolescents and young adults exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster","volume":"160","author":"Trasande","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.06.009","article-title":"Respiratory health and lung function in children exposed to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"201","author":"Trye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.190","article-title":"Asthma control in adolescents 10 to 11 y after exposure to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"81","author":"Gargano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.11.026","article-title":"Adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center collapse have elevated serum dioxin and furan concentrations more than 12 years later","volume":"111","author":"Kahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1021\/es049211k","article-title":"Polychlorinated dioxins and furans from the World Trade Center attacks in exterior window films from lower Manhattan in New York City","volume":"39","author":"Rayne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1021\/es034480g","article-title":"Destruction of the World Trade Center and PCBs, PBDEs, PCDD\/Fs, PBDD\/Fs, and chlorinated biphenylenes in water, sediment, and sewage sludge","volume":"37","author":"Litten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6315","article-title":"Biomonitoring of chemical exposure among New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center fire and collapse","volume":"111","author":"Edelman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-004-1010-5","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 reactions to the World Trade Center destruction: A study of political trauma in metropolitan New York","volume":"23","author":"Malin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1521\/ijgp.2005.55.3.375","article-title":"\u201cA war that had come right to them\u201d: Group work with traumatized adolescents following September 11","volume":"55","author":"Aronson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Group Psychother."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1521\/ijgp.2005.55.3.433","article-title":"Marking the anniversary: Adolescents and the September 11 healing process","volume":"55","author":"Holmes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Group Psychother."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20118","article-title":"Panic reactions to terrorist attacks and probable posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.046","article-title":"Bio-psycho-social assessment of 9\/11-bereaved children","volume":"1071","author":"Demaria","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22134","article-title":"Homogeneity of severe posttraumatic stress disorder symptom profiles in children and adolescents across gender, age, and traumatic experiences related to 9\/11","volume":"29","author":"Guffanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comorbidity classes and associated impairment, demographics and 9\/11-exposures in 8236 children and adolescents","volume":"96","author":"Guffanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.12.012","article-title":"The distinctiveness of grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress: Lessons from children after 9\/11","volume":"58","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-003-0026-0","article-title":"Children\u2019s mental health after disasters: The impact of the World Trade Center attack","volume":"5","author":"Hoven","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532480xads0804_1","article-title":"Exposure to trauma and separation anxiety in children after the WTC attack","volume":"8","author":"Hoven","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Dev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.545","article-title":"Psychopathology among New York city public school children 6 months after September 11","volume":"62","author":"Hoven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20120","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress in children with first responders in their families","volume":"19","author":"Duarte","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2010.486314","article-title":"Attack-related life disruption and child psychopathology in New York City public schoolchildren 6-months post-9\/11","volume":"39","author":"Comer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-017-0159-7","article-title":"Children\u2019s Knowledge about Parental Exposure to Trauma","volume":"12","author":"Duarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20687","article-title":"Media use by children and adolescents from New York City 6 months after the WTC attack","volume":"24","author":"Duarte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2008.01077.x","article-title":"Substance use and functional impairment among adolescents directly exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center attacks","volume":"33","author":"Chemtob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Substance use in adolescents 10 years after the World Trade Center attacks in New York City","volume":"26","author":"Gargano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Subst. Abus."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2004.04.001","article-title":"The 9\/11 experience: Who\u2019s listening to the children?","volume":"27","author":"Koplewicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11205","article-title":"Respiratory and other health effects reported in children exposed to the World Trade Center disaster of 11 September 2001","volume":"116","author":"Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00006-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.9.1463","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases: A leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States","volume":"90","author":"Walsh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41175","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune disease among adults exposed to the 11 September 2001, terrorist attack","volume":"72","author":"Izmirly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.09.019","article-title":"Post-11 September 2001, incidence of systemic autoimmune diseases in World Trade Center-exposed firefighters and emergency medical service workers","volume":"91","author":"Webber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39059","article-title":"Nested case-control study of selected systemic autoimmune diseases in World Trade Center rescue\/recovery workers","volume":"67","author":"Webber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d9a80c","article-title":"A twin study of the association between PTSD symptoms and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Boscarino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.015","article-title":"Elevated risk for autoimmune disorders in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"77","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bookwalter, D.B., Roenfeldt, K.A., Leardmann, C.A., Kong, S.Y., Riddle, M.S., and Rull, R.P. (2020). Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of selected autoimmune diseases among US military personnel. BMC Psychiatry, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-2432-9"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2462","article-title":"Association of depression with risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus in women assessed across 2 decades","volume":"75","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22683","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for incident rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61305-1","article-title":"The cardiovascular toll of stress","volume":"370","author":"Brotman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190769","article-title":"Depression and coronary heart disease: Recommendations for screening, referral, and treatment\u2014A science advisory from the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research","volume":"118","author":"Lichtman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.05.003","article-title":"Natural disasters and acute myocardial infarction","volume":"63","author":"Yousuf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.9775","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular disease risk among firefighters after the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.10.014","article-title":"Heart disease among adults exposed to the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center disaster: Results from the World Trade Center Health Registry","volume":"53","author":"Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004572","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004572","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular diseases: A cohort study of men and women involved in cleaning the debris of the World Trade Center Complex","volume":"11","author":"Remch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for World Trade Center disaster health effects among survivors of collapsed and damaged buildings","volume":"55","author":"Brackbill","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill. Summ."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu022","article-title":"Chronic physical health consequences of being injured during the terrorist attacks on World Trade Center on 11 September 2001","volume":"179","author":"Brackbill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000431","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000431","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in relation to exposure to the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center disaster and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"2","author":"Jordan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-017-0115-x","article-title":"Injury, intense dust exposure, and chronic disease among survivors of the World Trade Center terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001","volume":"4","author":"Alper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inj. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001361","article-title":"Risk of stroke among survivors of the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center disaster","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13127","article-title":"World Trade Center exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, and subjective cognitive concerns in a cohort of rescue\/recovery workers","volume":"141","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.09.001","article-title":"Traumatic exposures, posttraumatic stress disorder, and cognitive functioning in World Trade Center responders","volume":"3","author":"Clouston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"216","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and total amyloid burden and amyloid-\u03b2 42\/40 ratios in plasma: Results from a pilot study of World Trade Center responders","volume":"11","author":"Clouston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.08.001","article-title":"Cognitive impairment among World Trade Center responders: Long-term implications of re-experiencing the 9\/11 terrorist attacks","volume":"4","author":"Clouston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.01.001","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in older adults with PTSD","volume":"27","author":"Schuitevoerder","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2174\/15672050113109990142","article-title":"Military risk factors for cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Veitch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.07.006","article-title":"Incidence of mild cognitive impairment in World Trade Center responders: Long-term consequences of re-experiencing the events on 9\/11\/2001","volume":"11","author":"Clouston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.010","article-title":"Resilience after 9\/11: Multimodal neuroimaging evidence for stress-related change in the healthy adult brain","volume":"40","author":"Ganzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22219","article-title":"Functional limitations among responders to the World Trade Center attacks 14 years after the disaster: Implications of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"30","author":"Clouston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee, S., Clouston, S., Kotov, R., Bromet, E., and Luft, B. (2019). Handgrip strength of World Trade Center (WTC) responders: The role of re-experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071128"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0050-1","article-title":"Gene expression associated with PTSD in World Trade Center responders: An RNA sequencing study","volume":"7","author":"Kuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0355-8","article-title":"Cell type-specific gene expression patterns associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders","volume":"9","author":"Kuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","article-title":"Air pollution: Mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease","volume":"32","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623307313011","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults","volume":"36","author":"Solt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.683","article-title":"Exposure to particulate air pollution and cognitive decline in older women","volume":"172","author":"Weuve","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.04.008","article-title":"Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: A pilot study with children and dogs","volume":"68","author":"Ontiveros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.12.011","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of ambient air pollution on cognitive performance in US adults","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000144","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution in relation to cognitive function in older adults","volume":"25","author":"Tonne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.014","article-title":"Ambient PM2.5 chronic exposure leads to cognitive decline in mice: From pulmonary to neuronal inflammation","volume":"331","author":"Shou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002973","article-title":"Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro","volume":"119","author":"Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/19\/7290\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:16:51Z","timestamp":1760177811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/19\/7290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17197290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17197290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]}}}