{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:18:12Z","timestamp":1760239092020,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tobacco use among adolescents is a global problem of public health importance. This study examined the profile of differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use, and the role of parental monitoring activities among adolescents in three island nations of varying economic status: Cook Islands, Cura\u00e7ao, and East Timor. Using nationally representative data we conducted regression modeling to determine the effect of four types of parental monitoring activities on tobacco use. Within a recall period of 30 days prior to being surveyed, 29.7% of students in East Timor, 21.6% in Cook Islands, and 13.1% in Cura\u00e7ao reported having smoked cigarettes and\/or used tobacco in other forms during 1 or more days during the preceding 30 days. Lower rates of parental monitoring as measured by four variables (parental understanding of problems and worries; knowing about how free time was being spent; going over things without approval; and checking to see if homework was done) were associated with higher percentages of adolescent tobacco use. Taken together the results underscore the need for increased parental involvement in programs which are designed to reduce tobacco use among adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"7360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tobacco Use and Parental Monitoring\u2014Observations from Three Diverse Island Nations\u2014Cook Islands, Cura\u00e7ao, and East Timor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Masood Ali","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5461-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok W.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Celedonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lowery Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02221.x","article-title":"Cannabis use and later life outcomes","volume":"103","author":"Fergusson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.01.013","article-title":"Health outcomes associated with long-term regular cannabis and tobacco smoking","volume":"38","author":"Rooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict. 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