{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:18:43Z","timestamp":1780604323955,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Social media has become a source of medical information. Cleft lip and palate is a visible congenital anomaly. The aim of the study was to analyze Instagram\u00ae posts on the topic of cleft lip. Methods: Instagram\u00ae posts with \u201c#cleftlip\u201d from March 2014\u2013March 2017 were accessed. Separate lists of expressions (hashtags, meaningful words, words with emojis or emojis alone) were prepared for primary posts and for replies. Thirty expressions statistically most frequent in primary versus secondary posts and 30 in secondary versus primary posts were identified (Group 1) as well as 30 English words or hashtags (Group 2), non-English words or hashtags (Group 3) and emojis (Group 4). The frequencies of expressions were compared (Z-test for the difference of two population proportions). Results: There were 34,129 posts, (5427 primary posts and 28,702 replies), containing 62,163 expressions, (35,004 in primary posts). The occurrence of all expressions was 454,162, (225,418 in primary posts and 228,744 in replies). Posts with positive expressions such as \u201cbeautiful\u201d, \u201clove\u201d, \u201ccute\u201d, \u201cgreat\u201d, \u201cawesome\u201d occurred more often than these with negative ones. In replies all emojis were positive. Conclusions: Numerous Instagram\u00ae posts referring to cleft lip are published and do provoke discussion. People express their solidarity and sympathize with persons affected by cleft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T22:02:02Z","timestamp":1602626522000},"page":"7404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of Instagram\u00ae Posts Referring to Cleft Lip"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sycinska-Dziarnowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Stepien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Education, Koszalin University of Technology, 75453 Koszalin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Janiszewska-Olszowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Grocholewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3446-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Jedlinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, May 29). 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