{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:19:12Z","timestamp":1760239152832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ten-Chan Medical Hospital","award":["No.109001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.109001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unlike a traditional diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS), a numerical MS index can present individual fluctuations of health status over time. This study aimed to explore its value in the application of occupational health. Using a database of physiological and biochemical tests and questionnaires, data were collected from 7232 participants aged 20 to 64 years who received occupational health screenings at a health screening institution in 2018. Using confirmatory factor analysis, five components of MS were used to design an MS severity scoring index, which was then used to evaluate the risks of occupation factors. Waist circumference was the largest loading factor compared with the other MS components. Participants who worked in the traditional industrial, food processing, or electronic technology industries had higher MS severity than those in the logistics industry. Those who worked as a manager or over five years had a relatively high severity. The research showed that assessments based on an MS severity score are applicable when the risk factors of suboptimal health are involved. By monitoring the scores over time, healthcare professionals can propose preventive strategies in time, thus enhancing the effectiveness of occupational health examination services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1602838608000},"page":"7539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Occupational Assessments of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Labors: An Application of Metabolic Syndrome Scoring Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ching-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ten-Chan General Hospital, Chung Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-395X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Ming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranasinghe, R., Mathangasinghe, Y., Jayawardena, R., Hills, A.P., and Misra, A. (2017). Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4041-1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, C.M., and Lin, C.M. (2018). Life course effects of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on metabolic syndrome and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease: A longitudinal study in Taiwan adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102178"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-4374-25-13","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean workers by occupational group: Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010","volume":"25","author":"Ryu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39477.500197.AD","article-title":"Should we dump the metabolic syndrome? Yes","volume":"336","author":"Gale","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.03.001","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk-through the ages","volume":"5","author":"Kastelein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.03.006","article-title":"Impact of age on cardiovascular risk: Implications for cardiovascular disease management","volume":"5","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi296","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome criteria: Ready for clinical prime time or work in progress?","volume":"26","author":"Sattar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1620-4","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: Useful concept or clinical tool? Report of a WHO Expert Consultation","volume":"53","author":"Simmons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2289","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Kahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90094-9","article-title":"Clustering and six year cluster-tracking of serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure in children and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","volume":"47","author":"Raitakari","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160601133713","article-title":"Combined influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on cardiovascular disease risk factors among 8-18 year old youth: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study","volume":"2","author":"Eisenmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69075-2","article-title":"Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: A cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study)","volume":"368","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2018.02.011","article-title":"Calculating a continuous metabolic syndrome score using nationally representative reference values","volume":"18","author":"Guseman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.04.051","article-title":"Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents","volume":"155","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00315-2","article-title":"Stability of indicators of the metabolic syndrome from childhood and adolescence to young adulthood: The Quebec Family Study","volume":"54","author":"Katzmarzyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1341","article-title":"A Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score: Utility for epidemiological analyses","volume":"29","author":"Wijndaele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.006","article-title":"An examination of sex and racial\/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: A confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score","volume":"63","author":"Gurka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0647-y","article-title":"MetS Calc: Metabolic syndrome severity calculator","volume":"17","author":"Gurka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e48","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome severity score in Korean adults: Analysis of the 2010\u20132015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"34","author":"Huh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01970-5","article-title":"Development of a metabolic syndrome severity score and its association with incident diabetes in an Asian population\u2014Results from a longitudinal cohort in Singapore","volume":"65","author":"Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002648","article-title":"Receiver-operating characteristics of adiposity for metabolic syndrome: The healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span (HANDLS) study","volume":"14","author":"Beydoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Tao, Y., Tao, Y., Yang, S., Yu, Y., Li, B., and Jin, L. (2016). Optimal cut-off of obesity indices to predict cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome among adults in Northeast China. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3694-5"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Yin, Z., Li, H., Deng, K., Chen, X., Cheng, C., Luo, X., and Zhang, M. (2018). Identification of an obesity index for predicting metabolic syndrome by gender: the rural Chinese cohort study. BMC Endocr. Disord., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0281-z"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.7475\/kjan.2016.28.2.180","article-title":"Influence of Occupational Type and Lifestyle Risk Factors on Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Male Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"28","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Adult Nurs."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.12.035","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and occupation: Any association? Prevalence among auto technicians and school teachers in South West Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Adeseye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001115","article-title":"Occupational exposures and metabolic syndrome among hispanics\/latinos","volume":"59","author":"Bulka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2019.13.5.444","article-title":"Analysis of the association between health-related and work-related factors among workers and metabolic syndrome using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0681","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US workers","volume":"33","author":"Davila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.03.042","article-title":"Framingham risk score and prediction of coronary heart disease death in young men","volume":"154","author":"Berry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-9215.2007.06350.x","article-title":"The Framingham Risk Score: An Appraisal of Its Benefits and Limitations","volume":"5","author":"Hemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Heart Hosp. J."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"295","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome & Framingham Risk Score: Observations from a coronary angiographic study in Indian patients","volume":"137","author":"Khanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"88","article-title":"Continuous metabolic syndrome risk score for predicting cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.-M. (2020). An application of metabolic syndrome severity scores in the lifestyle risk assessment of taiwanese adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103348"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/20\/7539\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:22:40Z","timestamp":1760178160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/20\/7539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17207539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17207539","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]}}}