{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:50:23Z","timestamp":1792194623674,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI10\/01753, PI10\/01607, PI15\/01386 and PI15\/00662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI10\/01753, PI10\/01607, PI15\/01386 and PI15\/00662"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT19\/00071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT19\/00071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 La Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["092230\/092231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["092230\/092231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 SGR 1247 and 2017 SGR 632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 SGR 1247 and 2017 SGR 632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010552","name":"Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLT006\/17\/00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT006\/17\/00012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. Sleep and wake memory consolidation seem to be regulated by glucocorticoids, pointing out the potential role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities. Trait anxiety is another factor that is likely to moderate the relationship between sleep and cognition, because poorer sleep quality and subtle HPA axis abnormalities have been reported in people with high trait anxiety. The current study aimed to explore whether HPA axis activity or trait anxiety moderate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities in healthy individuals. We studied 203 healthy individuals. We measured verbal and visual memory, working memory, processing speed, attention and executive function. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Trait anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. HPA axis measures included the cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol levels during the day. Multiple linear regression analyses explored the relationship between sleep quality and cognition and tested potential moderating effects by HPA axis measures and trait anxiety. Poor sleep quality was associated with poorer performance in memory, processing speed and executive function tasks. In people with poorer sleep quality, a blunted CAR was associated with poorer verbal and visual memory and executive functions, and higher cortisol levels during the day were associated with poorer processing speed. Trait anxiety was a moderator of visual memory and executive functioning. These results suggest that subtle abnormalities in the HPA axis and higher trait anxiety contribute to the relationship between lower sleep quality and poorer cognitive functioning in healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T09:36:28Z","timestamp":1603100188000},"page":"7600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Role of Sleep Quality, Trait Anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures in Cognitive Abilities of Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Labad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, 08340 Matar\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Salvat-Pujol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Neurosciences Group\u2014Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Armario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43206 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7877-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"de Arriba-Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Neurosciences Group\u2014Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 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