{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:06:26Z","timestamp":1775556386059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lithuanian Business Support Agency","award":["J05-LVPA-K-01-0055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J05-LVPA-K-01-0055"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental implant abutment and prosthetic materials, their surface treatment, and cleaning modalities are important factors for the formation of a peri-implant soft tissue seal and long-term stability of bone around the implant. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a polymeric material surface cleaning method on the surface roughness, water contact angle, and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) proliferation. Polymeric materials tested: two types of milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-Ker and PMMA-Bre), three-dimensionally (3D) printed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-3D), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Titanium (Ti) and zirconia oxide ceramics (ZrO-HT) were used as positive controls. A conventional surface cleaning protocol (CCP) was compared to a multi-step research cleaning method (RCP). Application of the RCP method allowed to reduce Sa values in all groups from 0.14\u20130.28 \u00b5m to 0.08\u20130.17 \u00b5m (p &lt; 0.05 in PMMA-Ker and PEEK groups). Moreover, the water contact angle increased in all groups from 74\u201391\u00b0 to 83\u2013101\u00b0 (p &lt; 0.05 in the PEKK group), except ZrO-HT\u2014it was reduced from 98.7 \u00b1 4.5\u00b0 to 69.9 \u00b1 6.4\u00b0 (p &lt; 0.05). CCP resulted in higher variability of HGF viability after 48 and 72 h. RCP application led to higher HGF viability in PMMA-3D and PEKK groups after 48 h, but lower for the PMMA-Ker group (p &lt; 0.05). After 72 h, no significant differences in HGF viability between both cleaning methods were observed. It can be concluded that the cleaning method of the polymeric materials affected surface roughness, contact angle, and HGF viability at 48 h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T08:59:28Z","timestamp":1603443568000},"page":"7753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Effect of Different Cleaning Protocols of Polymer-Based Prosthetic Materials on the Behavior of Human Gingival Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vygandas","family":"Rutkunas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rokas","family":"Borusevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2976-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominyka","family":"Liaudanskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1223-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urte","family":"Jasinskyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9167-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saulius","family":"Drukteinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginija","family":"Bukelskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1661-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eitan","family":"Mijiritsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Response of soft tissue to different abutment materials with different surface topographies: A review of the literature","volume":"66","author":"Trimpou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. 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