{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:45:10Z","timestamp":1791837910412,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-16-0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-16-0171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/0096\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0096\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work compares the prevalence of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in hospital wastewater effluents in Slovak (SR) and Czech Republic (\u010cR). It also describes selected antibiotic resistant isolates in view of resistance mechanism and virulence factor. The highest number of multidrug resistant bacteria was detected in samples from the hospital in Vala\u0161sk\u00e9 Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed (\u010cR). More than half of resistant isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotype as well as strong ability to form biofilm. In 42% of isolates efflux pump overproduction was detected together with tetA and tetE genes. The production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in coliform isolates was encoded mainly by blaTEM, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8\/25 genes. About 62% of resistants contained a combination of two or more extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. Our results strengthen the fact that hospital effluents are a source of multidrug resistant bacteria which can spread their resistance genes to other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, hospital wastewater should be better treated before it enters urban sewerage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1603708715000},"page":"7827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Hospital Wastewater\u2014Important Source of Multidrug Resistant Coliform Bacteria with ESBL-Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Krist\u00edna","family":"L\u00e9pesov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Olejn\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Macku\u013eak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Cverenk\u00e1rov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Krahulcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"B\u00edro\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02603","article-title":"Strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in the wastewater treatment plants","volume":"8","author":"Barancheshme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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