{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:39:47Z","timestamp":1785415187550,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (COLCIENCIAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["759-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["759-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and has been associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. This study aimed to identify clusters of acute childhood leukemia (ACL) cases and analyze their relationship with proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in three capital cities in Colombia during 2000\u20132015. Incident ACL cases were obtained from the population cancer registries for the cities of Bucaramanga, Cali, and Medell\u00edn. The inventory of industrial sources of emissions to the air was obtained from the regional environmental authorities and industrial conglomerates were identified. The Kulldorf\u2019s circular scan test was used to detect city clusters and to identify clusters around industrial conglomerates. Multivariable spatial modeling assessed the effect of distance and direction from the industrial conglomerates controlling for socioeconomic status. We identified industrials sectors within a buffer of 1 km around industrial conglomerates related to the ACL clusters. Incidence rates showed geographical heterogeneity with low spatial autocorrelation within cities. The spatio-temporal tests identified one cluster in each city. The industries located within 1 km around the ACL clusters identified in the three cities represent different sectors. Exposure to air pollution from industrial sources might be contributing to the incidence of ACL cases in urban settings in Colombia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1603964693000},"page":"7925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Childhood Leukemia in Small Geographical Areas and Proximity to Industrial Sources of Air Pollutants in Three Colombian Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5551-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Andrea","family":"Rodriguez-Villamizar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feisar Enrique","family":"Moreno-Corzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Observatory of Santander, Fundaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica de Santander, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3668-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Valbuena-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia"},{"name":"Cuenta de Alto Costo, Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo, Bogot\u00e1 110111, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Janeth","family":"Uribe P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Based Cancer Registry of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 681003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ruth","family":"Brome Boh\u00f3rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Based Cancer Registry of Antioquia, Gobernaci\u00f3n de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050015, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Iv\u00e1n","family":"Garc\u00eda Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Institute Las Am\u00e9ricas, Medell\u00edn 050022, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Eduardo","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Based Cancer Registry of Cali, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8401-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Gustavo","family":"Ortiz Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Observatory of Santander, Fundaci\u00f3n Oftalmol\u00f3gica de Santander, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Niederbacher Vel\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro R.","family":"Osornio-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30186-9","article-title":"International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001\u20132010: A population-based registry study","volume":"18","author":"Colombet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Global Cancer Observatory International Agency for Research on Cancer (2020, May 22). 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