{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:27:08Z","timestamp":1770899228973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["17ZDA330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZDA330"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201908310141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201908310141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines: (1) The demographic characteristics of different marital statuses of drug dependents; (2) differences in exercise attitudes and family function by marital status; and (3) if family function factors correlated with exercise attitudes and if exercise attitude factors correlated with family function. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) revealed significant differences in drug dependents\u2019 exercise attitudes between married and single groups (p &lt; 0.05) and the married and \u201cother\u201d groups (p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, we observed significant differences in drug dependents\u2019 family function between married and single groups (p &lt; 0.01) and married and other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Regression analyses indicated that communication [Fchange(1,1791) = 137.819; p &lt; 0.001] was a significant positive predictor for drug dependents\u2019 exercise attitude, accounting for 7.1% of the observed variance. Moreover, 50% of the variance was explained by willingness [Fchange(1,1791) = 850.49, p &lt; 0.001] and control [Fchange(1,1790) = 141.415, p &lt; 0.001], which were two significant predictors of drug dependents\u2019 family function. Findings of this study were: (1) Exercise attitude and family function of married drug dependents were better than single drug dependents and other marital status addicts; (2) communication was observed as a factor of family function that correlated with exercise attitude; and (3) willingness was related with family function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T09:09:32Z","timestamp":1604394572000},"page":"8111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating the Associations among Drug Dependents\u2019 Family Function and Exercise Attitudes: Marital Status Differences"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jianing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Leisure, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1652-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Malenka, R.C., Nestler, E.J., Hyman, S.E., Sydor, A., and Brown, R.Y. 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