{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:23:35Z","timestamp":1760239415021,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K13948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K13948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014This study aimed to explore whether living alone or with a spouse only affects the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods\u2014We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke from April 2014 to February 2019 in Japan. The primary outcome was defined as worsening by at least one grade on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The secondary outcome was set as the degree of worsening on the mRS. The outcomes were compared between three groups of patients: (1) those living alone (ALONE), (2) those living with their spouse only (SPOUSE), and (3) OTHERs. Results\u2014In total, 365 patients were included in this study: 111 (30%) ALONE, 133 (36%) SPOUSE, and 121 (33%) OTHERs. Cardiogenic embolisms were observed more frequently in ALONE than in OTHERs. The primary outcome occurred in 88 (79.3%) patients in ALONE and in 96 (72.2%) patients in SPOUSE, both of which were higher than the 72 (59.5%) in OTHERs. After adjusting with 19 variables, the risk of worsening was higher in ALONE (odds ratio (OR): 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50\u20135.58) and SPOUSE (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.00\u20133.33) compared with OTHERs. Conclusions\u2014In patients with acute ischemic stroke, not only living alone but also living with a spouse only may be associated with a worse short-term prognosis, independent of other cardiovascular risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1604862217000},"page":"8223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influence of Living Alone or with a Spouse Only on the Short-Term Prognosis in Patients after an Acute Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yohei","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Hifumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7395-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Urashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.542944","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in stroke incidence and prognosis under a universal healthcare system","volume":"40","author":"Cesaroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00200-8","article-title":"The effects of socioeconomic status on stroke risk and outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0346","article-title":"Two-year survival after first-ever stroke in a general population of 1.4 million Japanese: Shiga stroke registry","volume":"82","author":"Takashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. 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Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.03.025","article-title":"Kindness in the blood: A randomized controlled trial of the gene regulatory impact of prosocial behavior","volume":"81","author":"Fritz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002672","article-title":"Impact of both ends of the hemoglobin range on clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/21\/8223\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:30:23Z","timestamp":1760178623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/21\/8223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17218223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17218223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]}}}