{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:08:12Z","timestamp":1770491292969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aim to evaluate the development of peripheral occlusive artery disease (PAOD) in patients with migraine by using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and individuals with diagnostic codes of migraine were enrolled in the study group after excluding those diagnosed with PAOD before the index date. Each subject with migraine was propensity-score matched to another non-migraine patient and the latter served as the control group. A total of 37,288 patients were finally enrolled in the groups. The primary outcome was set as the development of PAOD between the two groups while multiple possible risk factors, including demographic data and comorbidities, were analyzed via the Cox proportional hazards regression. There were 885 and 530 PAOD events in the study and control groups, and the study group had a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (1.65, 95% confidential interval: 1.48\u20131.84, p &lt; 0.001), and the cumulative incidence also revealed a correlation between migraine and PAOD. Other potential risk factors related to the existence of PAOD include age, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, stroke, and asthma. For individuals without certain systemic diseases including hypertension, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, asthma, or heart failure, the hazard ratio of subsequent PAOD was significantly higher in the migraine patients than that in the non-migraine individuals (all p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presence of migraine is a significant risk factor for the development of subsequent PAOD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"8549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Migraine as a Risk Factor for Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fu-Hsuan","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neurological Institute, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Pi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Fu","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Division, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Ju","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun-Fa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"16","author":"Feigin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Stovner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","author":"Arnold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Vos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buse, D.C., Scher, A.I., Dodick, D.W., Reed, M.L., Fanning, K.M., Manack Adams, A., and Lipton, R.B. 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