{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:43:31Z","timestamp":1791384211494,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012679","name":"Institut de Cardiologie de Montr\u00e9al","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mirella and Lino Saputo Research Chair in Cardiovascular diseases and the prevention of cognitive"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mirella and Lino Saputo Research Chair in Cardiovascular diseases and the prevention of cognitive"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The \u00c9PIC Foundation and the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation.","award":["The \u00c9PIC Foundation and the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The \u00c9PIC Foundation and the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We compared cognitive profiles in chronic heart failure patients (HF), heart transplant recipients (HT) and healthy controls (HC) and examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (V\u02d9O2peak), peak cardiac output (COpeak) and cognitive performance. Stable HT patients (n = 11), HF patients (n = 11) and HC (n = 13) (61.5 \u00b1 8.5 years) were recruited. Four cognitive composite scores targeting different cognitive functions were computed from neuropsychological tests: working memory, processing speed, executive functions and verbal memory. Processing speed and executive function scores were higher, which indicates lower performances in HF and HT compared to HC (p &lt; 0.05). V\u02d9O2peak and first ventilatory threshold (VT1) were lower in HF and HT vs. HC (p &lt; 0.01). COpeak was lower in HF vs. HT and HC (p &lt; 0.01). Processing speed, executive function and verbal memory performances were correlated with V\u02d9O2peak, VT1 and peak cardiac hemodynamics (p &lt; 0.05). Mediation analyses showed that V\u02d9O2peak and VT1 mediated the relationship between group and processing speed and executive function performances in HF and HT. COpeak fully mediated executive function and processing speed performances in HF only. V\u02d9O2peak and COpeak were related to cognitive performance in the entire sample. In addition, V\u02d9O2peak and VT1 fully mediated the relationship between group and executive function and processing speed performances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1605767032000},"page":"8591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cardiorespiratory Fitness Mediates Cognitive Performance in Chronic Heart Failure Patients and Heart Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0835-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent","family":"Besnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miloudza","family":"Olmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Aver Bretanha","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Juneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Gremeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Bherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Gayda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Physical Activity Centre and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.04.007","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment and Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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