{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:52:24Z","timestamp":1780354344767,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) can affect the development of the maxilla; which may create a midfacial deficiency as well as an interference of the facial growth pattern and dentofacial esthetics. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the chronological age of complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) in cleft lip and palate patients and a control group; using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: In this retrospective study; 125 patients were enrolled (cleft lip and palate group (n = 91); control group (n = 34)). Age comparison was made with a chi-square test; and a Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis determined the median time to reach complete fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant differences in the median time for complete ossification between males and females (p = 0.019). The median time for complete ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was; for males; 15.0 years in both groups; for females; it was 14.0 years and 13.0 years in the experimental group and in the control group; respectively. Both for males and females; there were no statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups (p = 0.104). Conclusions: The present study showed no differences in the ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between individuals with and without cleft lip and\/or palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T21:00:57Z","timestamp":1606683657000},"page":"8889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Timing of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Ossification in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3283-5104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Roseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Caramelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research of Coimbra (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Orthodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2013.00053","article-title":"Cleft lip\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"1","author":"Shkoukani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. 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