{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:26:49Z","timestamp":1760239609973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["An unconditional grant from by Gilead Science srl for supporting the writing of the paper"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["An unconditional grant from by Gilead Science srl for supporting the writing of the paper"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to analyze the potential advantages of emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC\/TAF) introduction, creating evidence-based information to orient strategies to reduce costs, thus preserving effectiveness and appropriateness. An Health Technology Assessment (HTA) was implemented in the years 2017\u20132018 comparing the dual backbones available in the Italian market: FTC\/TAF, FTC\/TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/emtricitabine) and ABC\/3TC (abacavir\/lamivudine). From an efficacy point of view, FTC\/TAF ensured a higher percentage of virologic control and a better safety impact than FTC\/TDF (improving the renal and bone safety profile, as well as the lipid picture). From an economic point of view, the results revealed a 4% cost saving for the Italian National Healthcare Service NHS with FTC\/TAF introduction compared with the baseline scenario. Qualitative perceptions\u2019 results showed that FTC\/TAF would decrease the burden of adverse events management, increasing the accessibility of patients to healthcare providers (FTC\/TAF: 0.95, FTC\/TDF: 0.10, ABC\/3TC: 0.28; p-value: 0.016) and social costs (FTC\/TDF: \u22120.23, FTC\/TAF: 1.04, ABC\/3TC: 0.23; p-value &lt; 0.001), improving patient quality of life (FTC\/TDF: 0.31, FTC\/TAF: 1.85, ABC\/3TC: 0.38; p-value &lt; 0.001). Healthcare services may consider the evidence provided by the present study as an opportunity to include HIV patients in a more adequate antiretroviral treatment arm, guaranteeing a personalized clinical pathway, thus becoming more efficient and effective over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1606994143000},"page":"9010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HTA and HIV: The Case of Dual NRTI Backbones in the Italian Setting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6195-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Garagiola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC Business School, LIUC-Universit\u00e0 Cattaneo, 21053 Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Foglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC Business School, LIUC-Universit\u00e0 Cattaneo, 21053 Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC Business School, LIUC-Universit\u00e0 Cattaneo, 21053 Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cenderello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Unit ASL1- Imperiese, 18038 Sanremo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Biagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Martino IST Hospital, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Menzaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Valle Olona Hospital, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Rizzardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, LIUC Business School, LIUC-Universit\u00e0 Cattaneo, 21053 Castellanza, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318245cafe","article-title":"The development of PROQOL-HIV: An international instrument to assess the health-related quality of life of persons living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"59","author":"BerzinsBaiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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