{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:54:23Z","timestamp":1789106063156,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European union and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000798"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Far too little attention has been paid to health effects of air pollution and physical (in)activity on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of the Healthy aging in industrial environment study (4HAIE) is to investigate the potential impact of physical activity in highly polluted air on musculoskeletal health. A total of 1500 active runners and inactive controls aged 18\u201365 will be recruited. The sample will be recruited using quota sampling based on location (the most air-polluted region in EU and a control region), age, sex, and activity status. Participants will complete online questionnaires and undergo a two-day baseline laboratory assessment, including biomechanical, physiological, psychological testing, and magnetic resonance imaging. Throughout one-year, physical activity data will be collected through Fitbit monitors, along with data regarding the incidence of injuries, air pollution, psychological factors, and behavior collected through a custom developed mobile application. Herein, we introduce a biomechanical and musculoskeletal protocol to investigate musculoskeletal and neuro-mechanical health in this 4HAIE cohort, including a design for controlling for physiological and psychological injury factors. In the current ongoing project, we hypothesize that there will be interactions of environmental, biomechanical, physiological, and psychosocial variables and that these interactions will cause musculoskeletal diseases\/protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17239142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:37:42Z","timestamp":1607377062000},"page":"9142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Running and Physical Activity in an Air-Polluted Environment: The Biomechanical and Musculoskeletal Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study 4HAIE (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment\u2014Program 4)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Jandacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Uchytil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zahradnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1451-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Farana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3781-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Vilimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiri","family":"Skypala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Urbaczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Plesek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Motyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Blaschova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Beinhauerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marketa","family":"Rygelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Brtva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"Balazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Horka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Malus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Freedman","family":"Silvernail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-2848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miika T.","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Casula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Juras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical 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