{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:17Z","timestamp":1787028317779,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supermarket cashiers face a significant amount of stress, including time constraints, mental pressure, and physical demands that require repetitive movements. The job description of a supermarket cashier involves work-related risk factors that may lead to musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms. This study aimed to investigate supermarket cashiers to determine the prevalence of MSD symptoms and their quality of life. Data were collected from a convenience sample of supermarket cashiers working in Saudi Arabia. Information included direct questions on pain in the previous 12 months, demographic data, and health- or occupation-related factors. Moreover, data was collected based on the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), and descriptive statistics were computed. A total of 193 supermarket cashiers participated in this study. The sample included 140 men (72.5%) and 53 women (27.5%), with a mean age of 27.2 \u00b1 6.4 years. The majority of the participants (90%) had MSD symptoms in at least one body region, with the neck (66.84%) and lower back (65.80%) constituting the most prominent regions. The mean SF-36 scores were higher in participants without pain compared to participants with pain in all domains, except for the physical functioning domain. The high prevalence of MSD symptoms among young cashiers suggest the need for additional investigations to determine the risk factors of these disorders. Additionally, this study recommends preventive procedures to reduce the prevalence of MSD symptoms among cashiers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T20:18:22Z","timestamp":1607631502000},"page":"9256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Disorders and Quality of Life in Supermarket Cashiers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad Saad","family":"Algarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem Askar","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamayun","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1560-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaji John","family":"Kachanathu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Al-Shenqiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman Mohammed","family":"Altowaijri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23064","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with workplace physical exposures estimated by a job exposure matrix and by self-report","volume":"63","author":"Yung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102378","article-title":"Biomechanical risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: A pooled study of 2474 workers","volume":"72","author":"Eisen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Sluchak, T.J. (1991, January 2\u20136). Ergonomic challenges in supermarket front-end workstations. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139008927093","article-title":"Neck and shoulder muscle activity during work with different cash register systems","volume":"33","author":"Lannersten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2005.09.002","article-title":"The effect of handling products of different weights on trunk kinematics of supermarket cashiers","volume":"36","author":"Rodacki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"915","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms, and perceived fatigue and work characteristics in supermarket cashiers","volume":"12","author":"Sirge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agron. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370210141530","article-title":"Psychophysiological stress reactions, trapezius muscle activity, and neck and shoulder pain among female cashiers before and after introduction of job rotation","volume":"16","author":"Melin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552010000100007","article-title":"The effect of different supermarket checkout workstations on trunk kinematics of checkout operators","volume":"14","author":"Rodacki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138908966103","article-title":"The prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms in supermarket workers","volume":"32","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"139","article-title":"Evaluation of work-related neuromuscular fatigue and discomfort in female sales workers","volume":"17","author":"Ereline","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Kinesiol. Univ. Tartu."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilander, A.M., K\u00e5redal, M., Axmon, A., and Nordander, C. (2014). Inflammatory biomarkers in serum in subjects with and without work related neck\/shoulder complaints. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-103"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-014-0292-6","article-title":"Women performing repetitive work: Is there a difference in the prevalence of shoulder pain and pathology in supermarket cashiers compared to the general female population?","volume":"27","author":"Sansone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, K.R., and Psihogios, J.P. (2000). Biomechanical Analysis of Cashiers in Seated and Standing Postures. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004402948"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.09.004","article-title":"The importance of work organization on workload and musculoskeletal health\u2013Grocery store work as a model","volume":"53","author":"Balogh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1053\/jpmn.2001.23746","article-title":"Pain measurement in the elderly: A review","volume":"2","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain Manag. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199803000-00018","article-title":"Reliability of an Arabic version of the RAND-36 Health Survey and its equivalence to the US-English version","volume":"36","author":"Coons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00132585-200210010-00014","article-title":"Musculoskeletal differences between males and females","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20750","article-title":"Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of recent longitudinal studies","volume":"53","author":"Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200000167","article-title":"The relationship between leisure time, physical activities and musculoskeletal symptoms and disability in worker populations","volume":"73","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200008150-00017","article-title":"Systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and private life as risk factors for back pain","volume":"25","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Bernard, B.P., and Putz-Anderson, V. (1997). Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors; A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608967266","article-title":"Effects of changes in sitting work posture on static neck and shoulder muscle activity","volume":"29","author":"Ekholm","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain: Socioeconomic factors and consequences","volume":"88","author":"Katz","year":"2006","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.08.005","article-title":"Prevalence of back pain problems in relation to occupational group","volume":"52","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130010008129","article-title":"Spinal shrinkage during repetitive controlled torsional, flexion and lateral bend motion exertions","volume":"44","author":"Au","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalencia de sintomas musculo-esqueleticos em operadores de Checkout em mercados","volume":"25","author":"Diniz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Sa\u00fade Ocup"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.1998.4.3.168","article-title":"Shoulder disorders related to work organization and other occupational factors among supermarket cashiers","volume":"4","author":"Niedhammer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.659762","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of supermarket cashiers before and after a redesign of the checkout counter","volume":"55","author":"Draicchio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2004.05.007","article-title":"Survey of ergonomic features of supermarket cash registers","volume":"34","author":"Shinnar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2016.05.006","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among grocery workers","volume":"54","author":"Anton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2010.16.3.303","article-title":"Biopsychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms of the spine in salespeople","volume":"16","author":"Pensri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.010769","article-title":"Health related quality of life in multiple musculoskeletal diseases: SF-36 and EQ-5D in the DMC3 study","volume":"63","author":"Picavet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/24\/9256\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:43:36Z","timestamp":1760179416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/24\/9256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph17249256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17249256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]}}}