{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:58:00Z","timestamp":1780437480187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T21:25:08Z","timestamp":1607981108000},"page":"9367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Tejada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintya Fabiola","family":"Herrera-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0340-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Godina-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Villagrana-Ba\u00f1uelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4455-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Daniel De Luna","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Jerez, Zacatecas 99390, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Herrera-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Zanella-Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LORIA (INRIA, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine), Campus Scientifique BP 239, 54506 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Barranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva, ISSSTE, Gpe. Zacatecas 98613, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn L. Ruiz de","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78300, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuensanta","family":"Reyes-Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Celaya-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge I.","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamurabi","family":"Gamboa-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7344-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Cervantes-Villagrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rivas-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma E.","family":"Gonzalez-Curiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020, October 15). 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