{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:32:39Z","timestamp":1788258759687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81773485; 81373062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773485; 81373062"]}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Projects on Infectious Diseases of China","award":["2018ZX10721102-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10721102-004"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["GWTD2015S05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWTD2015S05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: HIV and HCV coinfection leads to accelerated liver fibrosis, in which microbial translocation and systemic inflammation might play important roles. Objective: This study aimed to provide an extensive profile of the plasma microbial translocation and inflammation biomarkers associated with advanced liver fibrosis among HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 343 HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) from a rural prefecture of Yunnan province in Southwest China. The plasma concentrations of sCD14 and 27 cytokines and chemokines were assayed and compared against advanced or mild levels of liver fibrosis. Results: Of the 343 HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected patients, 188 (54.8%) had severe or advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 &gt; 3.25). The patients with advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 &gt; 3.25 vs. FIB-4 \u2264 3.25) had higher plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1), IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-basic), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that advanced liver fibrosis was associated with an increased plasma level of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-10, MCP-1, Eotaxin, and FGF-basic, with FGF-basic continuing to be positively and significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.32\u20132.81; p = 0.001). Plasma sCD14 was also significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.01\u20131.30; p = 0.049). Conclusions: HIV\u2013HCV-coinfected patients are living with a high prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis which coexists with a mixture of elevated plasma inflammation and microbial translocation biomarkers. The significant associations of advanced liver fibrosis with FGF-basic and sCD14 may reveal pathogenic mechanisms and potential clinical intervention targets for liver fibrosis in HCV\u2013HIV coinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T10:42:47Z","timestamp":1608201767000},"page":"9474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HIV\u2013HCV-Coinfected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renhai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runhua","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuecheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jibao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi 678400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00485-5","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of HCV co-infection in people living with HIV: A global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Platt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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