{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:22:24Z","timestamp":1782300144262,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Andaluc\u00eda Oriental","award":["PI-0525-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0525-2016"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Andaluc\u00eda Oriental","award":["PIER-0223-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIER-0223-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In a combined cross-sectional and interventional study approach, we investigated the association of HRV with inflammation and oxidative stress markers, patient-reported outcomes, and the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in HRV. Fifty-five women with SLE (mean age 43.5 \u00b1 14.0 years) were assigned to either aerobic exercise (n = 26) or usual care (n = 29) in a non-randomized trial. HRV was assessed using a heart rate monitor during 10 min, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were obtained, psychological stress (Perceived Stress Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (36-item Short-Form Health Survey) were also assessed. Low frequency to high frequency power (LFHF) ratio was associated with physical fatigue (p = 0.019). Sample entropy was inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.014) and myeloperoxidase (p = 0.007). There were no significant between-group differences in the changes in HRV derived parameters after the exercise intervention. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase were negatively related to sample entropy and physical fatigue was positively related to LFHF ratio. However, an exercise intervention of 12 weeks of aerobic training did not produce any changes in HRV derived parameters in women with SLE in comparison to a control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T11:42:09Z","timestamp":1608291729000},"page":"9501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heart Rate Variability in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Health-Related Parameters and Effects of Aerobic Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rosales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5387-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Sola-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Vargas-Hitos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group (PAHELP), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rosales-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique G.","family":"Artero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mario","family":"Sabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Soriano-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.01.007","article-title":"Gender balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Bundell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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