{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:50:36Z","timestamp":1789156236141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated disease, which can alter the quality of life of patients. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of clobetasol oral gel 0.05% versus an anti-inflammatory in oral solution (mouthwash) in the management of patients suffering from symptomatic OLP. The secondary objective was to analyze which one of the two treatments induced a greater risk of developing side effects. Forty patients were assigned (20 patients for group), through a randomized design, to receive clobetasol gel 0.05% or an anti-inflammatory mouthwash, which contains calcium hydroxide, hyaluronic acid, umbelliferone and oligomeric pro-anthocyanidins) for three months. At baseline (T0) and after 3 months (T1), patients underwent dental and dermatological examinations to assess their symptoms (Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) score) and signs (Thongprasom score). Data were calculated using T-test for the dependent variable, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney u test. Both clobetasol and anti-inflammatory resulted in a statistically significant reduction of signs, (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) and symptoms (p &lt; 0.001 for clobetasol and p = 0.02 for anti-inflammatory). In conclusion, the results evidenced that, compared to clobetasol, the anti-inflammatory was less effective in determining the reduction of signs and symptom in OLP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T12:19:51Z","timestamp":1608725991000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Analysis of the Efficacy of Two Treatment Protocols for Patients with Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Santonocito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6717-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Polizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"De Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Dermatology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ronsivalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Lo Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ficarra, G. 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