{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:43:04Z","timestamp":1793068984802,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGC 2018-097487-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC 2018-097487-B-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Late preterm children born between 340\/7 and 366\/7 weeks\u2019 gestation account for \u224870% of prematurely born infants. There is growing concern about this population at risk of mild neurodevelopmental problems, learning disabilities and lower academic performance. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, this paper analyzes recent published evidence from 16selected studies involving late preterm children and control group assessments at preschool and\/or school age, mainly focusing on cognitive functioning, language learning and academic achievement. The review identifies the assessment tools used in these studies (standardized tests, parental questionnaires and laboratory tasks) and the areas being evaluated from preschool (age 3 years) to primary school levels. Results reveal the presence of mild difficulties, pointing to suboptimal outcomes in areas such as executive function, short term verbal memory, literacy skills, attention and processing speed. Some difficulties are transient, but others persist, possibly compromising academic achievement, as suggested by the few studies reporting on higher risk for poor school performance. Given the increasing number of late preterm children in our society the review highlights the need to implement screening strategies to facilitate early risk detection and minimize the negative effects of this morbidity in childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T09:02:44Z","timestamp":1608800564000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Cognitive and Learning Outcomes in Late Preterm Infants at School Age: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2159-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Nadal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6536-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona (UBNeuro), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u (IRSJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0018","article-title":"Optimizing care and outcome for late-preterm (near-term) infants: A summary of workshop sponsored by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","volume":"118","author":"Raju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.372","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of near-term infants","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2952","article-title":"Comittee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics. \u201cLate-preterm\u201d infants: A population at risk","volume":"120","author":"Engle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.02.003","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal morbidity and mortality among \u2018healthy\u2019 late preterm newborns","volume":"30","author":"Tomashek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin. 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