{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:00Z","timestamp":1760233440081,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-110006RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-110006RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The two goals of this study were: (1) to explore the relationship of a parent\u2019s experience in prison in combination with a range of characteristics relating to the parent in prison, to the children, and to the caregiver, and (2) to explore the role of sex and nationality in this relationship. A total of 202 parents in prison (99 men and 103 women; 106 Spanish and 96 foreigners) participated in this study. To maximize the understanding of the questions, in-person interviews were conducted to collect answers to the questionnaire. The findings particularly highlight the importance of the role of the primary caregiver in ensuring that the parent in prison has a positive parenting experience during incarceration. More specifically, the parent in prison reports a better parenting experience when they perceive the primary caregiver as a link between themselves and their children in a positive way. This finding points to the importance of intervention and research on this relationship in order to enhance parental satisfaction and the relationship between the imprisoned parent and their children, as well as the family\u2019s resilience during parental imprisonment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T11:52:32Z","timestamp":1610538752000},"page":"626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlates of a Positive Parenting Experience in Prison"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Miryam","family":"Carretero-Trigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8547-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo J.","family":"Carcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3164-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rouco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v43n01_02","article-title":"Contact between incarcerated mothers and their children: Assessing parenting stress","volume":"43","author":"Tuerk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Off. Rehab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885520939294","article-title":"Meet them where they are: The Importance of contextual relevance in prison-based parenting programs","volume":"100","author":"Henson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prison. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2013.747402","article-title":"From prison to parenting","volume":"23","author":"Mapson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Behav. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Bor\u00e9s, P., Fonts, M., Escurriol, R., Roig, A., Leyton, H., and Moreno, M. (2006). La C\u00e1rcel en el Entorno Familiar: Estudio de las Repercusiones del Encarcelamiento Sobre la Familia: Problem\u00e1ticas y Necesidades, Griteria."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"539","article-title":"Parental prisoners: The incarcerated mother\u2019s constitutional right to parent","volume":"108","author":"Halter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crim. Law. Criminoly."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Arditti, J.A., and Johnson, E.I. (2020). A family resilience agenda for understanding and responding to parental incarceration. Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12205","article-title":"Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth","volume":"85","author":"Masten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/10522158.2018.1424426","article-title":"Family resilience: Emerging trends in theory and practice","volume":"21","author":"Hadfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fam. Soc. Work."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"114","article-title":"The effectiveness of parent education for incarcerated parents: An evaluation of parenting from prison","volume":"61","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Correct. Educ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.08.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of an internet-based intervention enhancing Finnish parents\u2019 parenting satisfaction and parenting self-efficacy during the postpartum period","volume":"27","author":"Salonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.72.4.548","article-title":"The relationship of parenting stress to adjustment among mothers in prison","volume":"72","author":"Houck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsych."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Bloom, B., and Steinhart, D. (1993). Why Punish the Children? A Reappraisal of the Children of Incarcerated Mothers in America, National Council on Crime and Delinquency."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaze, L., and Maruschak, L. (2008). Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children.","DOI":"10.1037\/e513862010-001"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10509670903081300","article-title":"Parenting stress, alliance, child contact, and adjustment of imprisoned mothers and fathers","volume":"48","author":"Loper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Offender Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-009-9255-0","article-title":"Associations between individual and family level characteristics and parenting practices in incarcerated African American fathers","volume":"18","author":"Modecki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Travis, J., and Waul, M. (2003). The effects of parental incarceration on children: Perspectives, promises and policies. Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities, The Urban Institute Press."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"C\u00e1ritas Diocesana de Zaragoza (2009). La Realidad Penitenciaria de la Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma de Arag\u00f3n, C\u00e1ritas."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716208331123","article-title":"The mass incarceration of parents in america: Issues of race\/ethnicity, collateral damage to children, and prisoner reentry","volume":"623","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Indig, D., Topp, L., Ross, B., Mamoon, H., Border, B., Kumar, S., and McNamara, M. (2010). The 2009 NSW Inmate Health Survey."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Gallego, M., Cabrera, P.J., R\u00edos, J.C., and Segovia, J.L. (2010). Andar 1 km en L\u00ednea Recta. La C\u00e1rcel del Siglo XXI que Vive el Preso, Universidad Pontificia Comillas."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Carcedo, R.J. (2015). Necesidades Sociales, Emocionales y Sexuales de los Presos. Estudio de un Centro Penitenciario. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Salamanca]."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1174\/021037002317417813","article-title":"Ni\u00f1os y madres en prisi\u00f3n: Escenarios de desarrollo familiares y escolares en los centros penitenciarios espa\u00f1oles","volume":"25","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fund. Infanc. Aprendiz."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, J., and Palacios, J. (1998). Ni\u00f1os y Madres en Prisi\u00f3n: Desarrollo Psicobiol\u00f3gico de los Ni\u00f1os Residentes en los Centros Penitenciarios, Ministerio del Interior y Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2009.06.020","article-title":"Learning behind bars: Education in prisons","volume":"26","author":"Bhatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"137","article-title":"Alternativas constructivas para mujeres en prisi\u00f3n","volume":"1","author":"Guaimaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"An. Univ. Metrop."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Viedma, A. (2009, January 1\u20132). Tiempo, Educaci\u00f3n y Prisi\u00f3n. in Jornadas sobre Centros Penitenciarios y Reinserci\u00f3n. Proceedings of the UNED Conference, Madrid, Spain."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.1989.9963922","article-title":"Men in prison: Family characteristics and parenting views","volume":"14","author":"Hairston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Offender Couns. Serv. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mumola, C.J. (2000). Incarcerated Parents and Their Children.","DOI":"10.1037\/e482242006-001"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carcedo Gonz\u00e1lez, R.J., and Reviriego Pic\u00f3n, F. (2007). Incidencia de la vida en prisi\u00f3n sobre las necesidades sociales, emocionales y sexuales de los presos, su salud psicol\u00f3gica y reinserci\u00f3n. Reinserci\u00f3n, Derecho y Tratamiento en los Centros Penitenciarios, Amar\u00fa.","DOI":"10.24310\/Boletin-criminologico.2006.v12i.8775"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Manzanos, C., and Balmaseda, J. (2003). Situaci\u00f3n de las Mujeres en las C\u00e1rceles del Pa\u00eds Vasco, Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Pa\u00eds Vasco."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Carcedo Gonz\u00e1lez, R.J., and Reviriego Pic\u00f3n, F. (2007). Los permisos de salida y el r\u00e9gimen abierto en la reinserci\u00f3n. Reinserci\u00f3n, Derecho y Tratamiento en los Centros Penitenciarios, Amar\u00fa."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/019251389010004005","article-title":"The perceived burden of children","volume":"10","author":"Goldsteen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017001007","article-title":"The effect of parenting stress on marital quality: An integrated mother-father model","volume":"17","author":"Lavee","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040.10.2.116","article-title":"Women\u2019s psychological distress in midadulthood: The role of childhood parenting experiences","volume":"10","author":"Flouri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Orte, C. (2008). Intervenci\u00f3n familiar con mujeres drogodependientes y con procesos legales. El perfil de la mujer reclusa: Un repaso a los datos. I Congreso Internacional de Acci\u00f3n Socioeducativa en el Medio Penitenciario: Mujeres, Infancia y Prisi\u00f3n, University of Granada."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/car.1206","article-title":"Caring for the children of imprisoned mothers: Exploring the role of fathers","volume":"21","author":"Flynn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child. Abus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020279","article-title":"Children\u2019s contact with their incarcerated parents: Research findings and recommendations","volume":"65","author":"Poehlmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1617.2011.01427.x","article-title":"When the cost is too great: The emotional and psychological impact on children of incarcerating their parents for drug offences","volume":"50","author":"Allard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fam. Court. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000275","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000275","article-title":"The health impact on children affected by parental imprisonment","volume":"4","author":"Beresford","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr. Open"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"McGillivray, C. (2016). Rendering Them Visible: A Review of Progress Towards Increasing Awareness and Support of Prisoners\u2019 Families, Families Outside."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Loper, A.B., Thompson, C., Tuerk, E., Daoust, S., Kramer, M.E., and Komarovskaya, I. (2007). Parenting from the Inside: Making the Mother-Child Connection Inmate Manual, University of Virginia."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1086\/703446","article-title":"Parenting and Incarceration: Perspectives on Father-Child Involvement during Reentry from Prison","volume":"93","author":"Charles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1043986205281727","article-title":"Examining the effect of incarceration and in-prison family contact on prisoners\u2019 family relationships","volume":"21","author":"Naser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devon, L., Polaschek, L., Day, A., and Hollin, C. (2019). Families, parenting, and visits in prison. The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional Psychology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119139980"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730802113695","article-title":"Representations of family relationships in children living with custodial grandparents","volume":"10","author":"Poehlmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eddy, J., and Poehlmann-Tynan, J. (2019). A family perspective: Caregiving and family contexts of children with an incarcerated parent. Handbook on Children with Incarcerated Parents, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16707-3"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1086\/341184","article-title":"Parental incarceration: Recent trends and implications for child welfare","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200610000-00004","article-title":"Promoting mother-child relationships for incarcerated women and their children","volume":"19","author":"Bruns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infants Young Child."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Carretero-Trigo, M. (2011). Parentalidad en Prisi\u00f3n: La Perspectiva de los Reclusos. Trabajo de Grado no Publicado, Universidad de Salamanca."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Enos, S. (2001). Mothering from the Inside: Parenting in a Women\u2019s Prison, State University of New York Press."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2008.00499.x","article-title":"Factors associated with young children\u2019s opportunities for maintaining family relationships during maternal incarceration","volume":"57","author":"Poehlmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12281","article-title":"Children of prisoners\u2014Children\u2019s decision making about contact","volume":"22","author":"Saunders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child. Fam. Soc. Work."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/0032855595075003004","article-title":"The impact of the prison environment on mothers","volume":"75","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prison. J."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Johnston, D., and Gabel, K. (1995). Incarcerated parents. Children of Incarcerated Parents, Lexington Books."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1404_4","article-title":"The development of the cleminshaw\u2014Guidubaldi parent satisfaction scale","volume":"14","author":"Guidubaldi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X99431009","article-title":"The effects of parent education on parental locus of control and satisfaction of incarcerated fathers","volume":"43","author":"Wilczak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Hayes, A.F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, Guilford Publications."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Aiken, L.S., and West, S.G. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Sage."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., and Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaccard, J., and Turrisi, R. (2003). Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression, Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984522"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Hair, J., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., and Anderson, R.E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Cengage Learning. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Berger, M. (2005). Ces Enfants qu\u2019on Sacrifice\u2026Aun Nom de la Protection de L\u00b4Efance, Dunod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-010-9381-8","article-title":"Improving the emotional adjustment and communication patterns of incarcerated mothers: Effectiveness of a prison parenting intervention","volume":"20","author":"Loper","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child. Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403411418105","article-title":"Incarcerated fathers: Pathways from prison to home","volume":"24","author":"Visher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Policy Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Di Zerega, M., and Verdone, J. (2011). Setting an Agenda for Family-Focused Justice Reform, Vera Institute of Justice."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Minuchin, S. (1974). Familias y Terapia Familiar, Gedisa."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1300\/J012v15n01_06","article-title":"Role strain and incarcerated mothers: Understanding the process of mothering","volume":"15","author":"Berry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Women Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1300\/J012v14n01_04","article-title":"Parenting programs in women\u2019s prisons","volume":"14","author":"Pollock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Women Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Miller, S.L. (1998). Parenting through prison walls: Incarcerated mothers and children\u2018s visitation programs. Crime Control and Women: Feminist Implications of Criminal Justice Policy, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860050121402","article-title":"Parenting from prison: Helping children and mothers","volume":"23","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp. Pediatric. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2007.00456.x","article-title":"Parenting education for young fathers in prison","volume":"12","author":"Meek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child. Fam. Soc. Work."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-006-0065-6","article-title":"The impact of parental incarceration on children: An emerging need for effective interventions","volume":"23","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child. Adolesc. Soc. Work. J."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Dreman, S. (1997). Family stress and coping: A multisystem perspective. The Family on the Threshold of the 21st Century, Lawrence Erlbau Associates."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X14533541","article-title":"Mothering from prison and ideologies of intensive parenting: Enacting vulnerable resistance","volume":"36","author":"Granja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X10373593","article-title":"Heterosexual romantic relationships inside of prison: Partner status as predictor of loneliness, sexual satisfaction, and quality of life","volume":"55","author":"Carcedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/00224540109600555","article-title":"Attitudes toward parenting strategies, potential for child abuse, and parental satisfaction of ethnically diverse low-income U.S. mothers","volume":"141","author":"Medora","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carcedo, R.J., Perlman, D., Fern\u00e1ndez-Rouco, N., P\u00e9rez, F., and Hervalejo, D. (2019). Sexual Satisfaction and mental health in prison inmates. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050705"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5209\/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37308","article-title":"Heterosexual romantic relationships, interpersonal needs, and quality of life in prison","volume":"15","author":"Carcedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Span. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885514563271","article-title":"The relationship between sexual satisfaction and psychological health of prison inmates","volume":"95","author":"Carcedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prison. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X07311596","article-title":"Men and women in the same prison: Interpersonal needs and psychological health of prison inmates","volume":"52","author":"Carcedo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2018.1441208","article-title":"Partnership after prison: Couple relationships during reentry","volume":"57","author":"Comfort","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Offender Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403405282450","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 reentry into family life following incarceration","volume":"17","author":"Arditti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Policy Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.0303.267","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s been hard to be a father\u201d: A qualitative exploration of incarcerated fatherhood","volume":"3","author":"Arditti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J012v08n04_01","article-title":"Connected mothers: A follow-up study of incarcerated women and their children","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Women Crim. Justice"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.02.006","article-title":"Children of incarcerated parents: Challenges and resiliency, in their own words","volume":"30","author":"Nesmith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3149\/fth.0303.289","article-title":"Gatekeeping in context: Babymama drama and the involvement of incarcerated fathers","volume":"3","author":"Roy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fathering"},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Ar\u00f3stegi, E., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Garc\u00eda del Moral, N., and Urbano, A. (2008). G\u00e9nero y Prisi\u00f3n, Zubiko."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"R\u00edos, J.C., and Cabrera, P.J. (1998). Mil Voces Presas, Universidad Pontificia Comillas."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurse, A.M. (2002). Fatherhood Arrested: Parenting from Within the Juvenile Justice System, Vanderbilt University Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv16f6j0n"},{"key":"ref_90","unstructured":"Laing, K., and McCarthy, P. (2005). Risk, Protection and Resilience in the Family Life of Children and Young People with a Parent in Prison: A Literature Review, ESRC. ESRC: Pathways into and out of Crime: Risk, Resilience and Diversity."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Robertson, O. (2020, November 20). El Impacto que el Encarcelamiento de un(a) Progenitor(a) Tiene Sobre sus Hijos. Available online: https:\/\/www.quno.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/ESPAN%CC%83OL_The%20impact%20of%20parental%20imprisonment%20on%20children.pdf."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"83","article-title":"C\u00e1rcel y exclusi\u00f3n","volume":"35","author":"Cabrera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Minist. Trab. Asun. Soc."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Manzanos, C. (1992). C\u00e1rcel y Marginaci\u00f3n Social, Gakoa."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v32n04_05","article-title":"Family programming for incarcerated parents: A needs assessment among inmates","volume":"32","author":"Kazura","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Offender Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2307\/353849","article-title":"Satisfaction with parenting: The role of marital happiness, family structure, and parents\u2019 gender","volume":"60","author":"Rogers","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/0090-5550.53.2.139","article-title":"Everyday problems and stress faced by parents of children with cochlear implants","volume":"53","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/2\/626\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:10:39Z","timestamp":1760159439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/2\/626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18020626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18020626","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]}}}