{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:36:18Z","timestamp":1790404578909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut de Cultura de Barcelona per a Projectes de Recerca i Innovaci\u00f3 del Pla Barcelona Ci\u00e8ncia 2019","award":["ID 19S01576-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 19S01576-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Spain underwent a strict lockdown (March\u2013May 2020). How the lockdown modified older adults\u2019 physical activity (PA) has been poorly described. This research assesses the effect of the lockdown on PA levels and identifies predictors of sufficient\/insufficient PA in frail older community-dwellers. Community-dwelling participants from the +\u00c0GIL Barcelona frailty intervention program, suspended during the pandemic, underwent a phone-assessment during the lockdown. PA was measured before and after the lockdown using the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT). We included 98 frail older adults free of COVID-19 (mean age = 82.7 years, 66.3% women, mean Short Physical Performance Battery = 8.1 points). About one third of participants (32.2%) were not meeting sufficient PA levels at the end of the lockdown. Depressive symptoms (OR = 0.12, CI95% = 0.02\u20130.55) and fatigue (OR = 0.11, CI95% = 0.03\u20130.44) decreased the odds of maintaining sufficient PA, whereas maintaining social networks (OR = 5.07, CI95% = 1.60\u201316.08) and reading (OR = 6.29, CI95% = 1.66\u201323.90) increased it. Living alone was associated with the reduction of PA levels (b = \u22121.30, CI95% = \u22122.14\u2013\u22120.46). In our sample, pre-lockdown mental health, frailty-related symptoms and social relationships were consistently associated with both PA levels during-lockdown and pre-post change. These data suggest considering specific plans to maintain PA levels in frail older community-dwellers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1611032131000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3152-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmina","family":"Castellano-Tejedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"GIES Research Group, Basic Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, 20138 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Soto-Bagaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Ars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabricio","family":"Zambom-Ferraresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Bar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Healthcare Center Larrard, Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"D\u00edaz-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Center Bordeta-Mag\u00f2ria, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, 08014 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2150-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Vilar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Blanquerna\u2014Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda B.","family":"Enfedaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Ger\u00e8ncia de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Esp\u00ed-Valb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Inzitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research &amp; Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, November 12). 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