{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:46:38Z","timestamp":1765827998552,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medication-induced jaw osteonecrosis (MRONJ) is a rare and serious disease with a negative impact on patients\u2019 quality of life, whose exact cause remains unclear and which may have a multifactorial origin. Although there are different therapeutic protocols, there is still no consensus. This case series evaluated three patients diagnosed with staged 2 MRONJ treated at the University of Murcia dental clinic according to the protocols described by the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Within 12 months of the application of therapeutic protocols, the lesions were completely healed in all cases. Radiography showed slow but progressive healing with normal bone structure. Conservative treatment with antibiotics, chlorhexidine rinses and minimally invasive surgical intervention with necrotic bone resection is effective in treating stage 2 of MRONJ. In cases of refractory osteonecrosis, the application of platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin (PRF-L) in the surgical approach improves the outcome in soft tissue healing and bone regeneration but further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T02:07:00Z","timestamp":1611540420000},"page":"1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Treatment of Stage 2 Medication-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Pardo-Zamora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry and Implants, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanet","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry and Implants, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry and Implants, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Ortiz-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry and Implants, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Fede, O., Panzarella, V., Mauceri, R., Fusco, V., Bedogni, A., Lo Muzio, L., Board, S.O., and Campisi, G. 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