{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:51:14Z","timestamp":1793829074101,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002671","name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6200\/P35"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6200\/P35"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder, often persists into adulthood. In Malaysia, the prevalence rate of hyperactivity symptoms is highest among Chinese Malaysians. There are limited evidence-based treatment options targeting the core symptoms of ADHD, as well as executive functioning. In addition, conventional psychotherapeutic approaches for adults with ADHD have been found to be highly labor-intensive. The present study will evaluate the effectiveness of an online mindfulness-based intervention to reduce inattention and hyperactivity\u2013impulsivity and improve executive functioning among Chinese Malaysian college emerging adults with ADHD. Informed by established literature, we will design an 8-week online mindfulness-based intervention (i.e., iMBI). We will conduct a two-arm randomized controlled trial comparing an iMBI plus treatment-as-usual group (n = 54) and an enhanced treatment-as-usual control group (n = 54). Outcome measures of inattention, hyperactivity\u2013impulsivity, and executive functioning will be collected at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1-month post-intervention. The findings of the present study will not only demonstrate the implementation of iMBI as a new treatment modality but also inform practitioners on the effectiveness of iMBI in reducing the burden of adults living with ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1612041351000},"page":"1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effectiveness of Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention (iMBI) on Inattention, Hyperactivity\u2013Impulsivity, and Executive Functioning in College Emerging Adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kai-Shuen","family":"Pheh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kit-Aun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normala","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6754-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherina Mohd","family":"Sidik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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