{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:01:36Z","timestamp":1792789296528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1140856- 3170325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1140856- 3170325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FONDAP-AGENCIA NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO","award":["15110020- 1513 0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15110020- 1513 0011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chile is a mining country, where waste mining is frequently found in the vicinity of inhabited areas. To explore the association between metal exposure and alterations in glucose metabolism, inflammatory status, and oxidative stress in individuals with chronic exposure to metals, a cross-sectional study was performed with 25 volunteers, between 45\u201365 years old. Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure urinary levels of total arsenic (As) and its metabolites, cooper, nickel, chromium, and lead. Lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were measured in blood, as well as inflammation (interleukin-6, IL-6) and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2\u2032deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) markers. Increased levels of Low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol and 8-OHdG, and the index for homeostasis model assessment\u2014insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed in 72%, 60%, and 56% of the volunteers, respectively. Blood-glucose levels were correlated with dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.019), inorganic As (Asi) (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.012), and Ni (R2 = 0.56; p = 0.044). The models with these compounds explained 72% of the glycemia variability (\u03b2DMA = \u22126.47; \u03b2Asi = 6.68; \u03b2Ni = 6.87). Ni showed a significantly influence on IL-6 variability (\u03b2 = 0.85: R2 = 0.36). Changes in glycemia could be related to exposure to low levels of Asi and Ni, representing risk factors for metabolic diseases. Body mass index would confuse the relation between IL-6 and Ni levels, probably due to known chronic inflammation present in obese people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1612353271000},"page":"1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Positive Relationship between Exposure to Heavy Metals and Development of Chronic Diseases: A Case Study from Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile"},{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago 8330077, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Santiago 8330077, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas (LIB), Departamento de Precl\u00ednicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floria","family":"Pancetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurotoxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Larrondo No. 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Larrondo No. 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Covarrubias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurotoxicolog\u00eda Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Larrondo No. 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3642-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Adaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Dr. Jer\u00f3nimo M\u00e9ndez, Cha\u00f1aral, Cha\u00f1aral 1490000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Metrolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Comisi\u00f3n Chilena de Energ\u00eda Nuclear, Santiago 7600713, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-016-0939-x","article-title":"Polymetallic pollution from abandoned mines in Mediterranean regions: A multidisciplinary approach to environmental risks","volume":"18","author":"Doumas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg. 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