{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:43:51Z","timestamp":1791996231708,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The intact function of the salivary glands is of utmost importance for oral health. During radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, the salivary glands can be damaged, causing the composition of saliva to change. This leads to xerostomia, which is a primary contributor to oral mucositis. Medications used for protective or palliative treatment often show poor efficacy as radiation-induced changes in the physico-chemical properties of saliva are not well understood. To improve treatment options, this study aimed to carefully examine unstimulated whole saliva of patients receiving radiation therapy and compare it with healthy unstimulated whole saliva. To this end, the pH, osmolality, electrical conductivity, buffer capacity, the whole protein and mucin concentrations, and the viscoelastic and adhesive properties were investigated. Moreover, hyaluronic acid was examined as a potential candidate for a saliva replacement fluid. The results showed that the pH of radiation-induced saliva shifted from neutral to acidic, the osmolality increased and the viscoelastic properties changed due to a disruption of the mucin network and a change in water secretion from the salivary glands. By adopting an aqueous 0.25% hyaluronic acid formulation regarding the lost properties, similar adhesion characteristics as in healthy, unstimulated saliva could be achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1612914196000},"page":"1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Keimel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gugatschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Center for Medical Research, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6\/II, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6\/II, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5281-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Leitinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6\/II, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Roblegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"The Functions of Saliva","volume":"18","author":"Mandel","year":"1973","journal-title":"Control"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.06.016","article-title":"Saliva: An All-Rounder of Our Body","volume":"142","author":"Roblegg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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