{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:49:51Z","timestamp":1760233791972,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is defined as the systemic host response to infection or a non-infectious factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in severe inflammation and to assess the discrimination strength of the neutrophil BURSTTEST assay regarding its etiology in three groups of patients (sepsis, burns, and bone fractures) who met the SIRS criteria. The neutrophil activation (respiratory burst of granulocytes as well as p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1) receptor expression) was evaluated twice using flow cytometry, and the results were compared with healthy controls and among SIRS subjects. A decreased oxygen metabolism in neutrophils after E.coli stimulation and increased TNF-\u03b1 receptor expression were found in septic and burned patients on admission, while ROS production augmented and TNF-\u03b1 receptor expression diminished with the applied therapy. The significant differences in neutrophil respiratory burst intensity among septic and burned patients and those with sepsis and bone fractures were found (however, there were not any such differences between patients with thermal and mechanical injuries). This study indicates that the neutrophil BURSTTEST evaluation might be a clinically reliable marker for differentiating the SIRS etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T12:40:16Z","timestamp":1614084016000},"page":"2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Respiratory Burst and TNF-\u03b1 Receptor Expression of Neutrophils after Sepsis and Severe Injury-Induced Inflammation in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Janusz P.","family":"Sikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 36\/50 Sporna St., 91-738 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Sobczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 36\/50 Sporna St., 91-738 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Management and Logistics in Healthcare, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 6 Lindleya St., 90-131 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 36\/50 Sporna St., 91-738 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Przewratil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Oncology, Chair of Surgical Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 36\/50 Sporna St., 91-738 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0228-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wysocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Oncology, Chair of Surgical Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 36\/50 Sporna St., 91-738 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Burzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 7\/9 \u017beligowskiego St., 90-752 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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