{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T03:57:03Z","timestamp":1772510223256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"W\u00f6rwag Pharma GmbH&amp;Co.KG, Romanian Rep Office","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this retrospective case-control study conducted in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, we assessed the effect of ulcerations\/amputations on hospitalization costs of patients with diabetes. Patients with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) ulcerations\/amputations (case-control ratio 3:1) admitted to a single diabetes center between 2012\u20132017 were included. The effects of hospitalization days, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on total costs was explored using a multivariate linear regression analysis, enter model. Overall, 876 patients were included (Group 1: 682, 323 [47.4%] with amputations; Group 2: 194). Median (interquartile range) total expenses in Group 1 were 40% higher compared to Group 2 (\u20ac724 [504; 1186] vs \u20ac517 [362; 645], p &lt; 0.001). Significant differences were observed between hospitalization costs (p &lt; 0.001), cost of food (p &lt; 0.001), medication (p = 0.044), drugs administered at the emergency room\/intensive care unit (p &lt; 0.001) and other expenses (p = 0.003). Hospitalization costs represented 80.5% of total expenses in Group 1 and 76.3% in Group 2. In multivariate analysis, hospitalization days influenced significantly the total costs in both groups (p &lt; 0.001); in Group 2, the effect of HbA1c was also significant (p = 0.021). Diabetic foot ulcers and subsequent amputations most likely impose a significant economic burden on the Romanian public healthcare system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T20:53:21Z","timestamp":1614200001000},"page":"2230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hospitalization Costs of Lower Limb Ulcerations and Amputations in Patients with Diabetes in Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana I.","family":"Sima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmina I.","family":"Bondor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioan A.","family":"Vere\u015fiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Podiatry Association, 400064 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norina A.","family":"G\u00e2van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Association, 400064 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Borzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Foundation (2020, June 03). 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