{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:24:42Z","timestamp":1770971082651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011880","name":"Acad\u00e9mie de recherche et d'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PFS - Master professionnel en mycologie m\u00e9dicale"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PFS - Master professionnel en mycologie m\u00e9dicale"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) strains have been reported on all continents, however, limited data exist on these strains in Africa, while several factors, mainly environmental ones, suggest their presence on this continent. This study aimed to assess the environmental prevalence of ARAF strains in Burkina Faso, a country situated in the West African region where data on ARAF is non-existent. In total, 120 environmental samples (soil) were collected and analyzed. Samples were screened for resistance using three azole-containing agar plates; one without azole antifungal (growth control) and two supplemented with either itraconazole (4 mg\/L) or voriconazole (2 mg\/L). The EUCAST susceptibility testing method was used to confirm the azole-resistant phenotype of A. fumigatus sensu-stricto isolates. Mutations in the cyp51A gene were determined by sequencing. Of the 120 samples, 51 positive samples showed growth of A. fumigatus isolates on control medium. One ARAF (2%; 1\/51) isolate was found amongst A. fumigatus positive samples and harbored the F46Y\/M172V\/E427K cyp51A mutations. No TR34\/L98H or TR46\/Y121F\/T289A mutations were observed. Our study described the first A. fumigatus isolate resistant to an azole antifungal in Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T05:20:08Z","timestamp":1614230408000},"page":"2250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["First Investigative Study of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the Environment in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Isidore W.","family":"Yerbanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecoles Doctorales des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Service de laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire R\u00e9gional de Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, 01 BP 36 Ouahigouya 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Resendiz-Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1030, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanata","family":"Bamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecoles Doctorales des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement des laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 676 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrien","family":"Lagrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1030, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1030, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Nakanabo Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecoles Doctorales des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Parasitaires et les Vecteurs, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 390 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Rodriguez-Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc\u2013Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur Site-Godinne, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Rue Dr Gaston Therasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"},{"name":"Ecole de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, LHUB-ULB, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Rue Haute 322, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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