{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:55:58Z","timestamp":1790488558955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The strong spread of COVID-19 and the significant number of deaths associated with it could be related to improper lifestyles, which lead to a low-grade inflammation (LGI) that not only increases the risk of chronic diseases, but also the risk of facing complications relating to infections and a greater susceptibility to infections themselves. Recently, scientific research has widely demonstrated that the microbiota plays a fundamental role in modulating metabolic responses in the immune system. There is, in fact, a two-way interaction between lifestyle, infection, and immunity. The immune response is compromised if nutrition is unbalanced or insufficient, because diet affects the intestinal flora predisposing people to infections and, at the same time, the nutritional state can be aggravated by the immune response itself to the infection. We evaluate the link between balanced diet, the efficiency of the immune system, and microbiota with the aim of providing some practical advice for individuals, with special attention to the elderly. A correct lifestyle that follows the Mediterranean model, which is especially rich in plant-based foods along with the use of extra-virgin olive oil, are the basis of preventing LGI and other chronic pathologies, directly influencing the intestinal microbiota and consequently the immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T21:24:01Z","timestamp":1614720241000},"page":"2455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Link between Viral Infections, Immune System, Inflammation and Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Suardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, EC, via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, EC, via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Graci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, EC, via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Dongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, EC, via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1045-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Palestini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, EC, via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for FOOD, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, December 15). 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