{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:04:16Z","timestamp":1788383056831,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we observed physiological reactions of premature infants during sponge bathing in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The infants\u2019 body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored to examine hypothermia risks during bathing. The participants of the study were 32 premature infants who were hospitalized right after their birth in the V hospital in Korea between December 2012 and August 2013. The informed consents of the study were received from the infants\u2019 parents. The infants were randomly assigned into two-day and four-day bath cycle groups and their physiological reactions were monitored before bathing as well as 5 and 10 min after bathing. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package through t-test. A significant drop in body temperature was noted in both groups; that is, 4-day bathing cycle and 2-day bathing cycle (p &lt; 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in heart rate or transcutaneous oxygen levels. There was no significant change between groups at each measurement point. In order to minimize the physiological instability that may be caused during bathing, the care providers should try to complete bathing within the shortest possible time and to make bathing a pleasant and useful stimulus for infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:10:16Z","timestamp":1614748216000},"page":"2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Physiologic Changes during Sponge Bathing in Premature Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongcheul","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, The Dankook University of Korea, Chungnam 3116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaelim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","article-title":"The global epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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