{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:15:33Z","timestamp":1789193733672,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71473010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71473010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, China has gradually become one of the countries with the largest levels of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI has played a significant role in promoting Chinese economic development, and the FDI technology spillover effect is one of the core forces driving China towards reaching new growth milestones. Therefore, due to the country\u2019s interest in development, there is competition for FDI throughout China. However, the existing imperfect environmental protection system cannot prevent FDI from flowing into China\u2019s highly polluting and resource-intensive industrial chain, possibly causing serious environmental problems. Therefore, the topic of properly introducing foreign capital to promote development and effectively end China\u2019s current environmental pollution crisis has become a research focus. To explore FDI\u2019s impact on China\u2019s economic growth, technological innovation, and environmental pollution, we use Chinese provincial panel data for 2004\u20132016 to construct a dynamic panel simultaneous-equation model. Considering the interrelationships between the equations, we construct economic models of economic growth, technological innovation, and pollution emissions, and incorporate them into the same research system for generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. Our results show that FDI has a significant and positive direct impact on China\u2019s economic growth and technological innovation, and can furthermore have a significant pull effect on the domestic economy through the backward spillover channel. At the same time, FDI has a direct and significant impact on the increase in regional waste-water discharge, while exhibiting a pollution halo effect on the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions directly. In addition, we observe \u201cbenign feedback mechanism\u201d between technological innovation output and these three types of pollution, namely SO2 emission, COD emissions, and ammonia and nitrogen discharge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1615382840000},"page":"2839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Foreign Direct Investment\u2019s Impact on China\u2019s Economic Growth, Technological Innovation and Pollution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shihong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Financial Economics, College of Economics &amp; Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"Finance and Economics Development Research Center, College of Economics &amp; Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Financial Economics, College of Economics &amp; Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"Finance and Economics Development Research Center, College of Economics &amp; Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2017.04.001","article-title":"Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America","volume":"64","author":"Sapkota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-9883(96)01005-5","article-title":"Economic growth, international competitiveness and environmental protection: R & D and innovation strategies with the WARM model","volume":"19","author":"Carraro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.2012.01747.x","article-title":"Technological growth and asset pricing","volume":"67","author":"Panageas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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