{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:54:18Z","timestamp":1783943658406,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS)","award":["19H01071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01071"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS)","award":["19K22730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K22730"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["JPMH18950314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMH18950314"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["JPMH19188595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMH19188595"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension during pregnancy causes a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes worldwide; however, formal evidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) in Japan is limited. We aimed to understand the association between maternal characteristics, HDP, and birth outcomes. In total, 18,833 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the Hokkaido study on environment and children\u2019s health, Japan, from 2002 to 2013. Medical records were used to identify hypertensive disorders and birth outcomes, namely, small for gestational age (SGA), SGA at full term (term-SGA), preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW). The prevalence of HDP was 1.9%. Similarly, the prevalence of SGA, term-SGA, PTB, and LBW were 7.1%, 6.3%, 7.4%, and 10.3%, respectively. The mothers with HDP had increased odds of giving birth to babies with SGA (2.13; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.57, 2.88), PTB (3.48; 95%CI: 2.68, 4.50), LBW (3.57; 95%CI: 2.83, 4.51) than normotensive pregnancy. Elderly pregnancy, low and high body mass index, active and passive smoking exposure, and alcohol consumption were risk factors for different birth outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial for women of reproductive age and their families to be made aware of these risk factors through physician visits, health education, and various community-based health interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T15:42:19Z","timestamp":1616600539000},"page":"3342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy (HDP), Maternal Characteristics, and Birth Outcomes among Japanese Women: A Hokkaido Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4509-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kritika","family":"Poudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumitaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-262X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuko","family":"Ikeda-Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2116-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ait Bamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2027-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14390\/jsshp.1.3","article-title":"Outline of Definition and Classification of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertens. 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