{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:04:14Z","timestamp":1787749454337,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovak Diabetes Society","award":["9201 9000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9201 9000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of the study was to compare the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-determined glycaemic variability (GV) of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and without GDM (CG; control group). The secondary aim was to evaluate the association between risk factors of diabetes in pregnancy and parameters of glyceamic control. Methods: Demographic, biometric and biochemical parameters were obtained for pregnant women (20\u201338 years old) who after an oral glucose tolerance test were examined by 7-day continuous glucose monitoring using a iPro\u00ae2 Professional CGM. Results: The differences in GV between women with GDM and CG compared by total area under glucose curve (total AUC, (mmol\u00b7day\/L) was statistically significant (p = 0.006). Other parameters of glycaemic control such as mean glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, J-index, % time-above target range 7.8 mmol\/L (%TAR), % time-in range 3.5\u20137.8 mmol\/L (%TIR), time-below target range 3.5 mmol\/L (%TBR), glycated haemoglobin were not significantly different in the study groups. Risk factors (a family history of diabetes, pre-pregnancy BMI, higher weight gain and age) correlated with parameters of glycaemic control. Conclusions: We found a significant difference in GV of women with and without GDM by total AUC determined from CGM. TIR metrics were close to significance. Our work points at an increased GV in relation to the risk factors of GDM. Pregnant women with risk factors have higher probability of severe GV with its consequences on maternal and fetal health state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"3402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Glycaemic Variability and Risk Factors of Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"G\u00e1borov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Doni\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal and Diabetology Outpatient Department, Human-Care s.r.o., Affiliated Study Foundation for Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Ba\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Pallayov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Peregrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So\u0148a","family":"Gre\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judita","family":"\u0160timmelov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Dzugasov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"\u0160alamonov\u00e1 Blichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viliam","family":"Doni\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12378","article-title":"Accuracy Of Two Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: A Head-to-Head Comparison under Clinical Research Centre and Daily Life Conditions","volume":"17","author":"Kropff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. 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