{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:00:09Z","timestamp":1787162409018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global problem of medical, social and economic consequences. Physical activity is a vital therapy in patients with T2DM, but some of them cannot exercise for various reasons. The purpose of our pilot study was to determine whether a combination of neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) and insulin therapy could improve the management of T2DM patients with hemiplegia caused by an ischemic stroke. Fifteen immobile patients with T2DM on insulin therapy were enrolled in the study. NMES was applied to their lower limbs for 60 min, 5 days a week, over a period of 12 weeks. The intervention caused statistically significant reductions in the blood concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol in the participants. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly lower. More randomized clinical trials are needed to accurately measure the effect of NMES on T2DM treatment and to determine whether it can be an alternative for physical activity for immobile patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:59:42Z","timestamp":1616741982000},"page":"3433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Combined Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Insulin Therapy on Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations, Lipid Profiles and Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients with Type-2-Diabetes and Hemiplegia Related to Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Rubinowicz-Zasada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikolowska Str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Silesian Hospital, 4 Bielska Str, 43-400 Cieszyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1726-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikolowska Str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3445-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikolowska Str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Stastny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Physical Training Adaptation, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Ovocny trh 5, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5019-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Wierzbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dentistry in Zabrze, The Silesian Medical University, 2 Traugutta Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikolowska Str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3884-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezary","family":"Kucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 72A Mikolowska Str., 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarria-Santamera, A., Orazumbekova, B., Maulenkul, T., Gaipov, A., and Atageldiyeva, K. 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