{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:22:33Z","timestamp":1768285353825,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a hallmark of reproductive medicine. However, the inconclusive outcome leads to marital disharmonies; thus, the choices of gamete donation and surrogacy (GD\/S) are often offered. In restricted countries, the child-rearing choice through foster\/adoption care is promising, but the uptake remains low. We explore the current reproductive services and adoption scenarios in Asian countries to delineate this issue. The web and literature search using PubMed and Ichushi was conducted in Japanese and English using the keywords \u201cadoption\u201d, \u201cfoster care\u201d, \u201creproductive medicine\u201d, including the interview with the respective Asian clinicians. We found that an established adoption system was seen in China, Malaysia, and the Philippines, mainly due to the restriction of GD\/S. Although GD\/S were allowed in Thailand, Singapore, and India, the different local affordability of IVF cost led to various adoption system scenarios. Nevertheless, the country\u2019s economic aspect does influence the establishment of adoption care, mainly due to financial support from local government. Otherwise, the significant barrier was the cultural\/religious background leading to low adoption rates. We concluded that the adoption option should always be highlighted as an alternative strategy as it synergistically contributes to children\u2019s and infertile couples\u2019 welfare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T13:17:53Z","timestamp":1616764673000},"page":"3466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Scenario of Adoption and Foster Care in Relation to the Reproductive Medicine Practice in Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eriko","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seido","family":"Takae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Mohd","family":"Faizal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction Center, Dokkyo University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-0816, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikou","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7440-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, December 09). 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Work"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3466\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:10:03Z","timestamp":1760364603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18073466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073466","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]}}}