{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:38:39Z","timestamp":1760402319933,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work is the result of a campaign of measures of exposure levels to magnetic field gradients (GMF) generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tomographs, to which both healthcare staff and any persons accompanying patients who remain inside the magnet room are exposed while performing a diagnostic Investigation. The study was conducted on three MRI tomographs with a static magnetic induction field up to 1.5 T installed in two hospitals of Lombardy. The study aims to characterize electromagnetic emissions within the magnet room and the definition of a measurement method suitable for assessing the level of exposure of healthcare personnel and any persons accompanying patients. The measurements performed concerned the determination of the weighted peak index for magnetic induction, due to the diagnostic GMF, relating to the action levels for the workers and the reference levels for the general population, in force in the European Union. Thanks to the defined experimental setup, the use of two different measuring instruments, and the software resources of the WEBNIR platform, it was possible to identify, for both categories of exposed persons, the \u201cclearance\u201d space, i.e., the distance from the magnet of the tomograph that guarantees health protection concerning the exposure to GMF, according to the indications of the standards in force. The method used showed that the exposure levels to GMF are substantially safe for professionally exposed workers who do not carry specific risks. For workers particularly sensitive to the specific risk, as well as to individuals part of the population, it is however advisable to maintain a distance from the magnet of about one meter to prevent sensorial neuromuscular stimulation effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"3475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of the Exposure to Gradient Magnetic Fields Generated by MRI Tomographs: Measurement Method, Verification of Limits and Clearance Areas through a Web-Based Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Di Liberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, Scientific Hospitalization and Care Institute, Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Andreuccetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAC-CNR, Nello Carrara, Institute for Applied Physics of the Italian National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9776-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moreno","family":"Comelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAC-CNR, Nello Carrara, Institute for Applied Physics of the Italian National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Burriesci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Physical Agents Laboratory, Department of Occu-Pational and Environmental, Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via di Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Theory of gradient coil design methods for magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Concepts Magn. Reson. Part A"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11910","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4771933","article-title":"Weighted-peak assessment of occupational exposure due to MRI gradient fields and movements in a nonhomogeneous static magnetic field","volume":"40","author":"Andreuccetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21152","article-title":"Occupational exposure to static and time-varying gradient magnetic fields in MR units","volume":"26","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21952","article-title":"Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI system test procedures","volume":"30","author":"Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22159","article-title":"EMF exposure variation among MRI sequences from pediatric examination protocols","volume":"40","author":"Frankel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioelectromagn."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-017-1779-7","article-title":"Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: Basic aspects and review of exposure assessment approaches","volume":"56","author":"Hartwig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21139","article-title":"Measurements of occupational exposure to switched gradient and spatially-varying magnetic fields in areas adjacent to 1","volume":"26","author":"Riches","year":"2007","journal-title":"5T clinical MRI systems. J. Magn. Reson. 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Proceedings of the VII National Conference of Physical Agents Stresa (Italy) 2019, Lago Maggiore, Italy."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3475\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:32:54Z","timestamp":1760362374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18073475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073475","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]}}}