{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:16:36Z","timestamp":1790723796971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health and Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship-Nursing Professional Order of Rome","award":["RC2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To improve outcomes in children and young adults (CYAs) with chronic conditions, it is important to promote self-care through education and support. Aims: (1) to retrieve the literature describing theories or conceptual models of self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions and (2) to develop a comprehensive framework. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on nine databases, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All peer-reviewed papers describing a theory or a conceptual model of self-care in CYAs (0\u201324 years) with chronic conditions were included. Results: Of 2674 records, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Six papers included a theory or a model of self-care, self-management, or a similar concept. Six papers developed or revised pre-existing models or theories, while five papers did not directly focus on a specific model or a theory. Patients were CYAs, mainly with type 1 diabetes mellitus and asthma. Some relevant findings about self-care in CYAs with neurocognitive impairment and in those living with cancer may have been missed. Conclusions: By aggregating the key elements of the 13 self-care conceptual models identified in the review, we developed a new overarching model emphasizing the shift of self-care agency from family to patients as main actors of their self-management process. The model describes influencing factors, self-care behaviors, and outcomes; the more patients engaged in self-care behaviors, the more the outcomes were favorable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"3513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Self-Care in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review of Theoretical Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immacolata","family":"Dall\u2019Oglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Gasperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Biagioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orsola","family":"Gawronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Spitaletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Grimaldi Capitello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship-Nursing Professional Order of Rome, Viale Giulio Cesare, 78, 00192 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Tiozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ercole","family":"Vellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Raponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0910","article-title":"Children with medical com-plexity: An emerging population for clinical and research initiatives","volume":"127","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO, World Health Organization (2002). 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