{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:08:03Z","timestamp":1784365683434,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["SONP\/SP\/461418\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SONP\/SP\/461418\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-choice drugs used to prevent and treat acid-related diseases. However, a lack of satisfactory response to the standard PPI dose (\u201cPPI failure\u201d) is often reported, especially in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Poor compliance seems to be one of the main causes of PPI failure; hence, it is crucial to gain knowledge on how to properly administer PPIs. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the effect of food, beverages, and dosing regimen on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PPIs and to frame recommendations for healthcare professionals to improve both patient\u2019s counseling and compliance to treatment with PPIs. A total of 201 papers were identified following a literature search. After full-text evaluation, 64 studies were included in the review. Co-administration of PPIs with a meal may affect both their bioavailability and effectiveness; however, the influence of food depends on the type of drug and its formulation. Except for pantoprazole, PPIs can be administered in the morning or evening; however, morning intake generally provides better daytime control of gastric acidity. In most cases, the choice of the proper schedule of administration should be based on the patient\u2019s symptoms and individual dosing preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T16:01:57Z","timestamp":1617033717000},"page":"3527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Food and Dosing Regimen on Safety and Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors Therapy\u2014A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Zwoli\u0144ska-Wcis\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Dietetics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego Str, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4821-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Pa\u015bko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ridder, M. 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