{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:50:41Z","timestamp":1791723041742,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Erector spinae plane block was recently introduced as an alternative to postoperative analgesia in surgical procedures including thoracoscopies and mastectomies. There are no clinical trials regarding erector spinae plane block in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The aim of our study was to test the efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We analyzed 68 patients, 34 of whom received erector spinae plane block. The average visual analogue scale score 24 h postoperatively was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoints were nalbuphine consumption and the need for rescue analgesia. Safety measures included the mean arterial pressure, Ramsey scale score, and rate of nausea and vomiting. The visual analogue scale, blood pressure, and Ramsey scale were assessed simultaneously at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. The average visual analogue scale was 2.9 and 3 (p = 0.65) in groups 1 (experimental) and 2 (control), respectively. The visual analogue scale after 1 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the erector spinae plane block group (2.3 vs. 3.3; p = 0.01). The average nalbuphine consumption was the same in both groups (46 mL vs. 47.2 mL, p = 0.69). The need for rescue analgesia was insignificantly different in both groups (group 1, 29.4; group 2, 26.4%; p = 1). The mean arterial pressure was similar in both groups postoperatively (91.8 vs. 92.5 mmHg; p = 0.63). The rate of nausea and vomiting was insignificantly different between the groups (group 1, 17.6%; group 2, 14.7%; p = 1). The median Ramsey scale in all the measurements was two. Erector spinae plane block is an effective pain treatment after percutaneous nephrolithotomy but only for a very short postoperative period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T10:24:33Z","timestamp":1617186273000},"page":"3625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Erector Spinae Plane Block for Perioperative Analgesia after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-9006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Bryniarski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Bialka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Kepinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Szelka-Urbanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Paradysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Misiolek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13814","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of pre-operative bilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks in patients having ventral hernia repair","volume":"72","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S164489","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report","volume":"11","author":"Petsas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_693_17","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block as an alternative to epidural analgesia for post-operative analgesia following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A case study and a literature review on the spread of local anesthetic in the erector spinae plane","volume":"62","author":"Pruett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.12.028","article-title":"Clinical experiences of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for thoracic vertebra surgery","volume":"38","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000163","article-title":"Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Bashandy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.12.007","article-title":"Spread of local anesthetic solution in the erector spinae plane block","volume":"45","author":"Ueshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451","article-title":"The erector spinae plane block a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain","volume":"41","author":"Forero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.06.019","article-title":"Evaluation of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Tulgar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2011.0235","article-title":"A randomized controlled study to analyze the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the management of renal stones more than 2 cm in diameter","volume":"26","author":"Bryniarski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, C.H., Chung, D.Y., Rha, K.H., Lee, J.Y., and Lee, S.H. (2020). Effectiveness of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Treatment of Renal Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina, 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010026"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"8634","article-title":"Predictors of narcotic use after percutaneous nephrolithotomy","volume":"24","author":"Khater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2014.0035","article-title":"Analgesic use and complications following upper pole access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy","volume":"28","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2019.01.016","article-title":"Comparison of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones: A meta-analysis of randomized trials ScienceDirect","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4878","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20154878","article-title":"Comparison of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones: A randomized, clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Moosanejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1089\/089277903767923218","article-title":"Pain after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Impact of nephrostomy tube size","volume":"17","author":"Pietrow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatipoglu, Z., Gulec, E., Turktan, M., Izol, V., Ar\u0131dogan, A., Gunes, Y., and Ozcengiz, D. (2018). Comparative study of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block versus intravenous tramadol for postoperative pain control in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. BMC Anesthesiol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0479-7"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000447401","article-title":"Thoracic Paravertebral Block versus Epidural Anesthesia Combined with Moderate Sedation for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2019.0766","article-title":"Perioperative analgesic effects of preemptive ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective, randomized trial","volume":"34","author":"Erbabacan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.135040","article-title":"Ultrasound guided peritubal infiltration of 0.25% Bupivacaine versus 0.25% Ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective double blind randomized study","volume":"58","author":"Parikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.02.083","article-title":"The Efficacy of Bupivacaine Infiltration on the Nephrostomy Tract in Tubeless and Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study","volume":"82","author":"Kirac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2014.0408","article-title":"Intermittent Perirenal Instillation of Bupivacaine After Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"8","author":"Sharifi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2007.08.008","article-title":"Efficacy of Preventive Analgesia with Tramadol or Lornoxicam for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"68","author":"Kaygusuz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/08927790260472863","article-title":"Effect of Single-Dose Subarachnoid Spinal Anesthesia on Pain and Recovery after Unilateral Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy","volume":"16","author":"Andreoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200511000-00023","article-title":"Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids: A meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew269","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral blocks in abdominal surgery-A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"117","author":"Madjdpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.3186","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A Nationwide analysis of use and outcomes","volume":"149","author":"Halabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000499","article-title":"Education in Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: Lots of Learning Left to Do","volume":"41","author":"McCartney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.04.009","article-title":"Pneumothorax after the erector spinae plane block","volume":"48","author":"Ueshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3625\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:55:48Z","timestamp":1760363748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/7\/3625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18073625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}}}