{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:44:41Z","timestamp":1791546281332,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: There is limited information regarding association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2). Methods: This study acquired data of 164,093 adults aged at least 40 years who were residing in 7 metropolitan cities between 2002 and 2005 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. CKD risk was evaluated using the multivariate Cox hazards proportional regression. All participants were followed up with until CKD, death, or 31 December 2013, whichever occurred earliest. (3) Results: Among 1,259,461 person-years of follow-up investigation, CKD cases occurred in 1494 participants. Air pollutant exposures including PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 showed no significant association with incident CKD after adjustments for age, sex, household income, area of residence, and the Charlson comorbidity index. The results were consistent in the sensitivity analyses including first and last year annual exposure analyses as well as latent periods-washed-out analyses. (4) Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution is not likely to increase the risk of CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1617623309000},"page":"3775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Association of Air Pollutants with Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in a Nationally Representative Cohort of Korean Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Seo Yun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seogsong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seulggie","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Rae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyeongsil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2460-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joung Sik","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s03","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.66.s1.3","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"66","author":"Ammirati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. 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