{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:30:10Z","timestamp":1784601010227,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TJ04000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJ04000059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The WHO considers hearing loss to be a major global problem. A literature search was conducted to see whether high-frequency audiometry (HFA) could be used for the early detection of hearing loss. A further aim was to see whether any differences exist in the hearing threshold using conventional audiometry (CA) and HFA in workers of different age groups exposed to workplace noise. Our search of electronic databases yielded a total of 5938 scientific papers. The inclusion criteria were the keywords \u201chigh frequency\u201d and \u201caudiometry\u201d appearing anywhere in the article and the participation of unexposed people or a group exposed to workplace noise. Fifteen studies met these conditions; the sample size varied (51\u2013645 people), and the age range of the people studied was 5\u201390 years. Commercial high-frequency audiometers and high-frequency headphones were used. In populations unexposed to workplace noise, significantly higher thresholds of 14\u201316 kHz were found. In populations with exposure to workplace noise, significantly higher statistical thresholds were found for the exposed group (EG) compared with the control group (CG) at frequencies of 9\u201318 kHz, especially at 16 kHz. The studies also showed higher hearing thresholds of 10\u201316 kHz in respondents aged under 31 years following the use of personal listening devices (PLDs) for longer than 5 years. The effect of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) first became apparent for HFA rather than CA. However, normative data have not yet been collected. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a uniform evaluation protocol accounting for age, sex, comorbidities and exposures, as well as for younger respondents using PLDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T10:41:58Z","timestamp":1619606518000},"page":"4702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["High-Frequency Audiometry for Early Detection of Hearing Loss: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7659-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"\u0160kerkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Kovalov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mr\u00e1zkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center for Hearing and Balance Disorders, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of ENT, Regional Hospital Hav\u00ed\u0159ov, 736 01 Hav\u00ed\u0159ov, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icf\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 20). Addressing the Rising Prevalence of Hearing Loss. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/260336\/9789241550260-eng.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0tQbo1bvObm8h5_hD0PBPmfPowiHLiQIDAJqJcnV1ThYnDy1fnb-q9flc."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 20). Deafness and Hearing Loss. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/deafness-and-hearing-loss."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Hear-It AISBL (2021, February 20). Evaluation of the Social and Economic Costs of Hearing Impairment. Available online: https:\/\/www.hear-it.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-01\/Hear-it%20Report%20Hearing%20Loss%20Numbers%20and%20Costs%202019.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5319\/wjo.v3.i3.58","article-title":"Noise-induced hearing loss in the 21st century: A research and translational update","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 20). Age-Related Hearing Loss (Presbycusis). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/deafness-and-hearing-loss-age-related-hearing-loss-(presbycusis)."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1616601","article-title":"Hearing Loss in Adults","volume":"377","author":"Cunningham","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813518021","article-title":"The Association between Hearing Loss and Social Isolation in Older Adults","volume":"150","author":"Mick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Clark, W., and Ohlemiller, K.K. (2008). Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing for Audiologist, Thomson Delmar. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ackley, R.S., Decker, T.N., and Limb, C.H.J. (2007). An Essential Guide to Hearing and Balance Disorders, Psychology Press."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 20). Hearing Measurement. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/occupational_health\/publications\/noise8.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission (2017). Electroacoustics\u2014Audiometric Equipment\u2014Part 1: Equipment for Pure-Tone and Speech Audiometry, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. IEC 60645-1."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (2010). Acoustics\u2014Audiometric Test Methods: Part 1: Pure-Tone Air and Bone Con-duction Audiometry, International Organization of Standards. ISO 8523-1."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (1997). Acoustics\u2014Preferred Frequencies, International Organization of Standards. ISO 266."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.108021","article-title":"Investigating the effects of noise exposure on self-report, behavioral and electrophysiological indices of hearing damage in musicians with normal audiometric thresholds","volume":"395","author":"Couth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.893375","article-title":"Extended high-frequency (9\u201320 kHz) audiometry reference thresholds in 645 healthy subjects","volume":"53","author":"Valiente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"215","article-title":"Analisys of high frequency auditory thresholds in individuals aged between 18 and 29 years with no ontological complaints","volume":"73","author":"Tomota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2016.12.002","article-title":"Extended high frequency audiometry in users of personal listening devices","volume":"38","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.24.8.9","article-title":"Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in College Students: Effects of Music Player Use and Other Recreational Noise","volume":"24","author":"Spankovich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oppitz, S.J., Da Silva, L.C.L., Garcia, M.V., and Da Silveira, A.F. (2018). Limiares de audibilidade de altas frequ\u00eancias em indiv\u00edduos adultos normo-ouvintes. CoDAS, 30.","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1782\/20182017165"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9628","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.9628","article-title":"Conventional Audiometry, Extended High-Frequency Audiometry, and DPOAE for Early Diagnosis of NIHL","volume":"16","author":"Mehrparvar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5029.2018","article-title":"Extended High-Frequency Audiometry (9-20 kHz) in Civilian Pilots","volume":"89","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/51.4.245","article-title":"High-frequency (10\u201318 kHz) hearing thresholds: Reliability, and effects of age and occupational noise exposure","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20580","article-title":"Extended high-frequency audiometry and noise induced hearing loss in cement workers","volume":"51","author":"Somma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942010000600003","article-title":"Audiometria de altas frequ\u00eancias em bombeiros militares com audiometria normal expostos ao ru\u00eddo","volume":"76","author":"Atherino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"197","article-title":"High-frequency hearing thresholds: Effects of age, occupational ultrasound and noise exposure","volume":"88","author":"Scapellato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.90295","article-title":"High-frequency audiometry: A means for early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"13","author":"Mehrparvar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"147","article-title":"Extended high-frequency audiometry in subjects exposed to occupational noise","volume":"4","author":"Korres","year":"2008","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390138","article-title":"Characterization of Hearing Thresholds from 500 to 16,000 Hz in Dentists: A Comparative Study","volume":"19","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570072","article-title":"High-frequency Audiometry Hearing on Monitoring of Individuals Exposed to Occupational Noise: A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"Benaglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015aliwi\u0144ska-Kowalska, M., and Zaborowski, K. (2017). WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Permanent Hearing Loss and Tinnitus. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101139"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/4702\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:54:47Z","timestamp":1760162087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/4702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18094702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18094702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]}}}